食品与发酵工业 >

2025 , Vol. 51 >Issue 16: 394 - 402

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.041219

综述与专题评论

冷藏过程中LED光对果蔬营养品质的影响研究进展

  • 牛梦迪 ,
  • 刘好 ,
  • 孙瑞琪 ,
  • 王军
展开
  • (中国农业大学 食品科学与营养工程学院,北京,100083)
第一作者:硕士研究生(王军副教授为通信作者,E-mail:wangjun1@cau.edu.cn)

收稿日期: 2024-10-07

  修回日期: 2025-01-15

  网络出版日期: 2025-08-29

基金资助

北京市科技计划项目(Z191100004019019)

收起

Research progress on effect of LED light on nutritional quality of fruits and vegetables during cold storage

  • NIU Mengdi ,
  • LIU Hao ,
  • SUN Ruiqi ,
  • WANG Jun
Expand
  • (College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)

Received date: 2024-10-07

  Revised date: 2025-01-15

  Online published: 2025-08-29

Fold

摘要

光照作为影响果蔬生长发育的重要因素之一,对果蔬的物质代谢、营养积累、色素合成具有关键的调控作用,在果蔬采后冷藏过程中同样对其营养品质具有重要影响。为了有效延长果蔬在采后冷藏过程中的保质期,维持其品质,光照技术因其无残留、易操作、成本低的优点,与低温物理保鲜方式相结合,成为目前备受关注的果蔬贮藏新方式,并在果蔬冷藏中得到日益广泛的应用。该文介绍了发光二极管(light-emitting diode,LED)的特点以及发光机理,分别总结了不同波长的LED光在果蔬低温贮藏过程中对果蔬中代表性营养物质含量的影响,包括果蔬中的维生素C、色素物质(叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、番茄红素等)、酚类物质和糖类等,并且结合现有的研究成果,阐述了LED光照影响果蔬中常见营养物质的机理。此外,该文还指出了目前LED光照在果蔬冷藏方面应用存在的问题及对未来的展望,以期为LED光照技术广泛应用于果蔬冷藏保鲜提供参考。

关键词： LED光照; 冷藏保鲜; 果蔬; 营养品质; 变化机理

本文引用格式

牛梦迪 , 刘好 , 孙瑞琪 , 王军 . 冷藏过程中LED光对果蔬营养品质的影响研究进展[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2025 , 51(16) : 394 -402 . DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.041219

Abstract

As one of the important factors affecting the growth and development of fruits and vegetables, light plays a key role in regulating their metabolism, nutrient accumulation, and pigment synthesis.Additionally, light affects the nutritional quality of fruits and vegetables during postharvest refrigeration.To effectively extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables during postharvest refrigeration and preserve their quality, light technology has emerged as a novel method of storing them due to its advantages, such as its lack of residue, ease of operation, and low cost, have garnered significant attention.Combining this technology with low-temperature physical preservation methods, particularly in the fruits and vegetables refrigeration process, greatly enhances its usefulness.This paper introduces the characteristics and luminescence mechanism of light-emitting diode (LED), summarizes the effects of LED light of different wavelengths on the content of representative nutrients in fruits and vegetables during low-temperature storage, such as vitamin C, pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoids, lycopene, etc.), phenols, and sugars, and explains the mechanism of LED light affecting common nutrients in fruits and vegetables in combination with existing research results.In addition, it highlights the current challenges associated with LED light in fruit and vegetable refrigeration, as well as outlining future prospects, to provide a reference for the widespread application of LED light technology in fruit and vegetable cold storage.

Key words： light-emitting diode (LED); refrigerate preservation; fruits and vegetables; nutritional quality; change mechanisms

参考文献

[1] 吴秀兰, 任诗欣, 何俊杰, 等.果蔬保鲜技术现状及展望[J].山东化工, 2022,51(12):111-114.
WU X L, REN S X, HE J J, et al.Current status and future trends of postharvest technology on fruits and vegetables[J].Shandong Chemical Industry, 2022,51(12):111-114.
[2] 李文欣, 宋雪健.果蔬保鲜技术的研究进展[J].农产品加工, 2022(21):88-89;93.
LI W X, SONG X J.Research progress on fresh keeping technology of fruits and vegetables[J].Farm Products Processing, 2022(21):88-89;93.
[3] 时晓芳, 林玲, 白先进, 等.阳光玫瑰葡萄果实生长发育及品质对不同光质的响应[J].南方农业学报, 2021,52(6):1641-1647.
SHI X F, LIN L, BAI X J, et al.Response of berries development and quality of Shine Muscat grape to different light qualities[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2021,52(6):1641-1647.
[4] 骆斯灏, 赖俊斌, 徐楚楠.LED植物光照灯标准状况与性能研究[J].中国照明电器, 2021(4):21-26.
LUO S H, LAI J B, XU C N.Research on standard and performance of LED plant lighting[J].China Light & Lighting, 2021(4):21-26.
[5] D’SOUZA C, YUK H G, KHOO G H, et al.Application of light-emitting diodes in food production, postharvest preservation, and microbiological food safety[J].Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2015,14(6):719-740.
[6] HYUN J E, LEE S Y.Blue light-emitting diodes as eco-friendly non-thermal technology in food preservation[J].Trends In Food Science & Technology, 2020,105:284-295.
[7] 张雨宸, 谢晶.LED光照灭菌技术在果蔬保鲜加工中的应用及其研究[J].食品与机械, 2019,35(8):155-160.
ZHANG Y C, XIE J.Application and research progress of LED light sterilization technology in fresh-keeping processing of fruit and vegetables[J].Food and Machinery, 2019,35(8):155-160.
[8] 常建伟, 杨润强, 王沛, 等.LED光质对食品用小麦芽苗生长和酚类物质累积的影响[J].中国粮油学报, 2021,36(12):13-20.
CHANG J W, YANG R Q, WANG P, et al.Effects of light spectrums on growth and phenolics accumulation of wheat seedlings for food[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 2021,36(12):13-20.
[9] BANTIS F, SMIRNAKOU S, OUZOUNIS T, et al.Current status and recent achievements in the field of horticulture with the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs)[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2018,235:437-451.
[10] TEWOLDE F T, LU N, SHIINA K, et al.Nighttime supplemental LED inter-lighting improves growth and yield of single-truss tomatoes by enhancing photosynthesis in both winter and summer[J].Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016,7:448.
[11] RODYOUNG A, MASUDA Y, TOMIYAMA H, et al.Effects of light emitting diode irradiation at night on abscisic acid metabolism and anthocyanin synthesis in grapes in different growing seasons[J].Plant Growth Regulation, 2016,79(1):39-46.
[12] 蒋跃明, 段学武.我国果蔬采后生理学进展[J].热带亚热带植物学报, 2019,27(5):558-564.
JIANG Y M, DUAN X W.Advances in postharvest physiology of fruits and vegetables in China[J].Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 2019,27(5):558-564.
[13] 周华, 刘淑娟, 王碧琴, 等.不同波长LED光源对生菜生长和品质的影响[J].江苏农业学报, 2015,31(2):429-433.
ZHOU H, LIU S J, WANG B Q, et al.Growth and quality of lettuce exposed to LED lighting with different wavelengths[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015,31(2):429-433.
[14] 阿热孜姑·吐逊, 古丽孜叶·哈力克, 艾力江·麦麦提.不同比例红蓝光对茄果类蔬菜幼苗生长及光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺, 2024(15):15-23.
Arezigu TUXUN, Guliziye HALIKE, Ailijang MAIMAITI.Effects of varying proportions of red and blue light spectra on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of solanaceous vegetables seedlings[J].Northern Horticulture, 2024(15):15-23.
[15] FOYER C H, KYNDT T, HANCOCK R D.Vitamin C in plants:Novel concepts, new perspectives, and outstanding issues[J].Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 2020,32(7):463-485.
[16] RODRÍGUEZ M S.A conspectus of research on folacin requirements of man[J].The Journal of Nutrition, 1978, 108(12):1984-2075.
[17] 李汴生, 文雅欣, 阮征, 等.不同单色LED对低温贮藏西兰花的保鲜作用[J].现代食品科技, 2019,35(1):137-143;220.
LI B S, WEN Y X, RUAN Z, et al.Preservative effect of different monochromatic light-emitting diode (LED) treatments on broccoli (Brassica oleracea) in low-temperature storage[J].Modern Food Science and Technology, 2019,35(1):137-143;220.
[18] LEE Y J, HA J Y, OH J E, et al.The effect of LED irradiation on the quality of cabbage stored at a low temperature[J].Food Science and Biotechnology, 2014,23(4):1087-1093.
[19] JIN S Y, DING Z Y, XIE J.Study of postharvest quality and antioxidant capacity of freshly cut amaranth after blue LED light treatment[J].Plants, 2021,10(8):1614.
[20] 王超, 刘斌, 张娜, 等.LED红蓝光照射对采后西芹保鲜效果的影响[J].保鲜与加工, 2016,16(1):31-34.
WANG C, LIU B, ZHANG N, et al.Effects of red and blue LED irradiation on postharvest preservation of celery[J].Storage and Process, 2016,16(1):31-34.
[21] HASPERUÉ J H, GUARDIANELLI L, RODONI L M, et al.Continuous white-blue LED light exposition delays postharvest senescence of broccoli[J].LWT, 2016,65:495-502.
[22] 时月, 张慧君, 袁伟杰, 等.LED光照处理对鲜切生菜品质和风味的影响[J].现代食品科技, 2019,35(5):102-108;267.
SHI Y, ZHANG H J, YUAN W J, et al.Effect of LED light treatment on qualities and aroma of fresh-cut lettuce[J].Modern Food Science and Technology, 2019,35(5):102-108;267.
[23] 孙阳, 王雨萌, 宋健平, 等.不同单色LED光照对香椿贮藏品质的影响[J].中国果菜, 2023,43(5):22-28.
SUN Y, WANG Y M, SONG J P, et al.Effects of different LED illumination on storage quality of Toona sinensis[J].China Fruit & Vegetable, 2023,43(5):22-28.
[24] 孔得慧, 赵文婷, 马越, 等.LED光照处理对鲜切番茄冷藏期间品质和抗氧化能力的影响[J].食品科技, 2021,46(5):45-52.
KONG D H, ZHAO W T, MA Y, et al.Effects of light-emitting diode (LED) illumination on the quality and antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut tomatoes during refrigerated storage[J].Food Science and Technology, 2021,46(5):45-52.
[25] KIM B S, LEE H O, KIM J Y, et al.An effect of light emitting diode (LED) irradiation treatment on the amplification of functional components of immature strawberry[J].Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 2011,52(1):35-39.
[26] XU F, SHI L Y, CHEN W, et al.Effect of blue light treatment on fruit quality, antioxidant enzymes and radical-scavenging activity in strawberry fruit[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2014,175:181-186.
[27] 李洋, 袁迪, 陈丰.不同波长LED光源照射对采后冷藏蓝莓理化品质的影响[J].现代食品科技, 2024,40(5):119-126.
LI Y, YUAN D, CHEN F.Effect of different wavelengths of LED light irradiation on the physicochemical quality of blueberries during postharvest cold storage[J].Modern Food Science and Technology, 2024,40(5):119-126.
[28] 刘娜. 天然植物色素的提取及其在食品加工中的前景[J].农业与技术, 2024,44(5):32-36.
LIU N.Extraction of natural plant pigment and its prospect in food processing[J].Agriculture and Technology, 2024,44(5):32-36.
[29] 张娜, 阎瑞香, 关文强, 等.LED单色红光对西兰花采后黄化抑制效果的影响[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2016,36(4):955.
ZHANG N, YAN R X, GUAN W Q, et al.Effects of red light-emitting diode (LED) on the postharvest yellowing change of broccoli[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2016,36(4):955.
[30] LOI M, LIUZZI V C, FANELLI F, et al.Effect of different light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on the shelf life and phytonutrient content of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.var.Italica)[J].Food Chemistry, 2019,283:206-214.
[31] 蔡楠, 谢晶.弱光照射及保鲜剂对芦笋冷藏品质的影响[J].上海水产大学学报, 2008, 17(4):476-480.
CAI N, XIE J.Effect on the quality of Asparagus in cold storage with weak light illumination and fresh-keeping agent[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University, 2008, 17(4):476-480.
[32] PÉREZ-AMBROCIO A, GUERRERO-BELTRÁN J A, APARICIO-FERNÁNDEZ X, et al.Effect of blue and ultraviolet-C light irradiation on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) during refrigeration storage[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2018,135:19-26.
[33] PENNISI G, ORSINI F, CASTILLEJO N, et al.Spectral composition from led lighting during storage affects nutraceuticals and safety attributes of fresh-cut red chard (Beta vulgaris) and rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) leaves[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2021,175:111500.
[34] 王瑞琪, 时月, 马越, 等.货架陈列期间光照处理对鲜切芹菜叶品质的影响[J].食品工业科技, 2019,40(22):282-287.
WANG R Q, SHI Y, MA Y, et al.Effect of light exposure treatment on qualities of fresh-cut celery leaves during shelf display[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2019,40(22):282-287.
[35] SHI L Y, CAO S F, CHEN W, et al.Blue light induced anthocyanin accumulation and expression of associated genes in Chinese bayberry fruit[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2014,179:98-102.
[36] KOKALJ D, ZLATIĆ E, CIGIĆ B, et al.Postharvest flavonol and anthocyanin accumulation in three apple cultivars in response to blue-light-emitting diode light[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2019,257:108711.
[37] KOKALJ D, ZLATIĆ E, CIGIĆ B, et al.Postharvest light-emitting diode irradiation of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) promotes accumulation of anthocyanins[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2019,148:192-199.
[38] GAO T Q, CHEN J L, XU J, et al.Screening of a novel lactiplantibacillus plantarum MMB-05 and lacticaseibacillus casei fermented sandwich seaweed scraps:Chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant, and volatile compounds analysis by GC-IMS[J].Foods, 2022,11(18):2875.
[39] 詹丽娟, 李颖.光照技术在果蔬采后贮藏保鲜中的应用[J].食品与发酵工业, 2016,42(8):268-272;278.
ZHAN L J, LI Y.Advances in effects of light exposure on fresh fruits and vegetables postharvest storage and preservation[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2016,42(8):268-272;278.
[40] 曹婷婷, 曾凯芳, 邓丽莉.光照技术在果蔬采后贮藏保鲜中的应用研究进展[J].食品与发酵工业, 2022,48(10):314-320.
CAO T T, ZENG K F, DENG L L.Research progress on the application of light irradiation in postharvest storage and preservation of fruits and vegetables[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2022,48(10):314-320.
[41] ZHAN L J, HU J Q, LI Y, et al.Combination of light exposure and low temperature in preserving quality and extending shelf-life of fresh-cut broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.)[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2012,72:76-81.
[42] MAROGA G M, SOUNDY P, SIVAKUMAR D.Different postharvest responses of fresh-cut sweet peppers related to quality and antioxidant and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities during exposure to light-emitting diode treatments[J].Foods, 2019,8(9):359.
[43] KOKALJ D, HRIBAR J, CIGIC B, et al.Influence of yellow light-emitting diodes at 590 nm on storage of apple, tomato and bell pepper fruit[J].Food Technology and Biotechnology, 2016,54(2):228-235.
[44] WILAWAN N, NGAMWONGLUMLERT L, DEVAHASTIN S, et al.Changes in enzyme activities and amino acids and their relations with phenolic compounds contents in okra treated by LED lights of different colors[J].Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2019,12(11):1945-1954.
[45] 姚军, 郑贺云, 张翠环, 等.LED持续光照处理对甜瓜贮藏特性及糖代谢的影响[J].新疆农业科学, 2023,60(7):1689-1697.
YAO J, ZHENG H Y, ZHANG C H, et al.Effects of continuous illumination with LED on storage characteristics and sugar metabolism of muskmelon[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023,60(7):1689-1697.
[46] 王宇滨, 冯雨晴, 马越, 等.光照处理对鲜切薄皮甜瓜货架期品质的影响[J].现代食品科技, 2019,35(12):122-129.
WANG Y B, FENG Y Q, MA Y, et al.Effect of light treatment on qualities of fresh-cut melon during shelf life[J].Modern Food Science and Technology, 2019,35(12):122-129.
[47] GONG D D, CAO S F, SHENG T, et al.Effect of blue light on ethylene biosynthesis, signalling and fruit ripening in postharvest peaches[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2015,197:657-664.
[48] 孟纯阳, 魏小春, 姚秋菊, 等.辣椒维生素C生物合成及代谢研究进展[J].基因组学与应用生物学, 2018,37(6):2558-2565.
MENG C Y, WEI X C, YAO Q J, et al.The research progress on biosynthesis and metabolism of vitamin C in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)[J].Genomics and Applied Biology, 2018,37(6):2558-2565.
[49] TOLEDO M E A, UEDA Y, IMAHORI Y, et al.L-ascorbic acid metabolism in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) during postharvest storage in light and dark[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2003,28(1):47-57.
[50] 孙莹. 红光及结合抗坏血酸处理对上海青品质的影响及其作用机理[D].沈阳农业大学, 2023.
SUN Y.The Red LED irradiation and combing with ascorbic acid treatment on the postharvest quality of pakchoi (Brassica rapa L subsp.chinensis.) and its potential action mechanism[D].Shenyang Agricultural University, 2023.
[51] MA G, ZHANG L C, SETIAWAN C K, et al.Effect of red and blue LED light irradiation on ascorbate content and expression of genes related to ascorbate metabolism in postharvest broccoli[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2014,94:97-103.
[52] 魏圣军, 耿殿祥, 邬奇, 等.UV-A辐射对大豆芽苗菜中抗坏血酸含量的影响[J].大豆科学, 2015,34(3):420-426.
WEI S J, GENG D X, WU Q, et al.Effect of UV-A irradiation on ascorbic acid content in soybean sprout[J].Soybean Science, 2015,34(3):420-426.
[53] KAEWSUKSAENG S, URANO Y, AIAMLA-OR S, et al.Effect of UV-B irradiation on chlorophyll-degrading enzyme activities and postharvest quality in stored lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) fruit[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2011,61(2-3):124-130.
[54] 罗政, 许超群, 陈飞平, 等.LED光照对气调保鲜菜心叶绿素合成代谢的影响[J].保鲜与加工, 2021,21(7):8-16.
LUO Z, XU C Q, CHEN F P, et al.Effects of LED light on chlorophyll synthesis and metabolism of Chinese flowering cabbages under controlled atmosphere fresh keeping[J].Storage and Process, 2021,21(7):8-16.
[55] 孙志文, 吕凤艳, 郭衍银, 等.O2/CO2气调中CO2对西兰花叶绿素降解及保鲜作用[J].食品科学, 2016,37(18):313-317.
SUN Z W, LYU F Y, GUO Y Y, et al.Effect of CO2 concentration in O2/CO2 controlled atmosphere on chlorophyll degradation and quality preservation in chilled broccoli[J].Food Science, 2016,37(18):313-317.
[56] KADOMURA-ISHIKAWA Y, MIYAWAKI K, NOJI S, et al.Phototropin 2 is involved in blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Fragaria x Ananassa fruits[J].Journal of Plant Research, 2013,126(6):847-857.
[57] POLA W, SUGAYA S, PHOTCHANACHAI S.Color development and phytochemical changes in mature green chili (Capsicum annuum L.) exposed to red and blue light-emitting diodes[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2020,68(1):59-66.
[58] ZHANG L C, MA G, YAMAWAKI K, et al.Effect of blue LED light intensity on carotenoid accumulation in Citrus juice sacs[J].Journal of Plant Physiology, 2015,188:58-63.
[59] XIE B X, WEI J J, ZHANG Y T, et al.Supplemental blue and red light promote lycopene synthesis in tomato fruits[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019,18(3):590-598.
[60] 熊伟任, 雷雨田, 杨永森, 等.不同波长蓝光对紫叶生菜品质形成的影响[J].江苏农业科学, 2023,51(1):143-148.
XIONG W R, LEI Y T, YANG Y S, et al.Effect of blue light at different wavelengths on quality formation of Lactuca sativa[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2023,51(1):143-148.
[61] LÓPEZ-GÁLVEZ G, SALTVEIT M, CANTWELL M.Wound-induced phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity:Factors affecting its induction and correlation with the quality of minimally processed lettuces[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 1996,9(2):223-233.
[62] EDWARDS A M, SILVA E.Effect of visible light on selected enzymes, vitamins and amino acids[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-Biology, 2001,63(1-3):126-131.
[63] MANZOCCO L, QUARTA B, DRI A.Polyphenoloxidase inactivation by light exposure in model systems and apple derivatives[J].Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 2009,10(4):506-511.
[64] YU J S, ZHANG F, ZHANG J, et al.Effect of photodynamic treatments on quality and antioxidant properties of fresh-cut potatoes[J].Food Chemistry, 2021,362:130224.
[65] BHAVYA M L, SHEWALE S R, RAJORIYA D, et al.Impact of blue LED illumination and natural photosensitizer on bacterial pathogens, enzyme activity and quality attributes of fresh-cut pineapple slices[J].Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2021,14(2):362-372.
[66] PANNITTERI C, CONTINELLA A, CICERO L L, et al.Influence of postharvest treatments on qualitative and chemical parameters of Tarocco blood orange fruits to be used for fresh chilled juice[J].Food Chemistry, 2017,230:441-447.
[67] 房经贵, 朱旭东, 贾海锋, 等.植物蔗糖合酶生理功能研究进展[J].南京农业大学学报, 2017,40(5):759-768.
FANG J G, ZHU X D, JIA H F, et al.Research advances on physiological function of plant sucrose synthase[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2017,40(5):759-768.
[68] 李都岳, 吴延军.补光对设施栽培樱桃果实成熟和糖分积累的影响[J].果树学报, 2023,40(10):2183-2194.
LI D Y, WU Y J.Effects of supplementary light on ripening and sugar accumulation of cherry under protected cultivation[J].Journal of Fruit Science, 2023,40(10):2183-2194.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

技术支持：北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司