Lignin was extracted from bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiforus)shoot shell by acetosolv process. The biological activities of lignin on glucose dialysis retardation index (GDRI), fermentation property and enzyme activity were investigated and compared with the same source of cellulose residues and coarse dietary fiber. The results showed that the GDRI ability of lignin was relatively low, but the fermentation properties were enhanced. The pH value in the fermentation liquid was decreased, the content of short-chain fatty acid(acetic acid,propionic acid and butynic acid) in the fermentation liquid was increased. In the enzymatic activity, the lignin activated the α-amylase activity and can be used as an activator of α-amylase. But there were no obvious influence on the lipase activity. Therefore, lignin has a positive effect onfermentation properties and α-amylase activity of dietary fiber of bamboo shoot shell.