Naked barley is the main crop in the northwest region and the main brewing raw material for naked barley beverages. The composition differences and brewing applicability of 40 kinds of raw materials of naked barley in four producing areas of Tibet, Sichuan, Gansu and Heilongjiang were studied. The results showed that the composition and proportion of water, protein, starch and dextran of naked barley raw materials in different producing areas were basically the same, whereas the proportion of amylopectin was obviously different. The total starch content of barley raw materials in Tibet, Sichuan and Heilongjiang areas are higher, the amylopectin is relatively large, and the content of protein and dextran is relatively low, which is suitable for the brewing of naked barley beverages. This paper provides an important theoretical basis and data support for the construction of the database system, establishing the national standard and standardizing the quality of naked barley beverages in China.