Mycotoxins are a class of secondary metabolites with high toxicity produced by filamentous fungi, which can widely contaminate various crops and food. Since trace mycotoxins can seriously endanger human health and food matrices are complex, the analytical procedures, including sample preparation and detection, are tedious, time-consuming and costly.. Therefore, it is important to establish a sensitive, simple and stable method for the detection of mycotoxins in the food matrix. Molecularly imprinted polymers possess the features of structure predictability, specificity, high stability, etc., which can effectively simplify the operation process, reduce the cost as well as improve the detection sensitivity when applied in the pretreatment of food samples and the detection of trace harmful substances in food. In this review, the recent advances in the application and preparation methods of MIPs in sample pretreatment of food contaminated by mycotoxins, mycotoxin chromatographic analysis and mycotoxin bionic sensors were summarized. And some perspectives of MIPs based mycotoxin detection are proposed as well