In the heterogeneous system, the apple pomace oxidized cellulose was prepared with sodium periodate as oxidant.The aldehyde content and sample retention rate were used as evaluation standard, and the preparation process was optimized by single factor and orthogonal test.The optimized oxidation process of apple pomace cellulose indicated that the solid-liquid ratio was 1: 25 (g/ml), the concentration of sodium periodate was 0.6mol/L, the time was 4h, the temperature was 45℃; this moment, the content of aldehyde group reached the highest was 6.02 mmol/g, and the sample retention rate was 81.33%. The results of FTIR, XRD and WHC showed that the oxidized cellulose had the characteristic spectrums of aldehyde group, the crystallinity decreased significantly, the water holding capacity increased, which would lay the theoretical foundation for it’s wider application.