The exopolysaccharides (EPS) synthesized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were a kind of natural macromolecule compound，which were secreted by LAB into the cell wall during its growth and metabolism. The EPS had attracted worldwide attention because they could improve the flavor and texture of fermented dairy products, and has a variety of potential physiological activities. This article reviews the species of EPS producing strains and the yield of EPS, the effects of EPS on non-specific immunity and specific immune system, and the relationship between immunoregulatory activity and structure property base on recent literatures. The aim of current article was to provide a theoretical basis for the further development and application of the EPS from LAB.