In order to clarify the difference of sugars and sugar alcohols between the traditional Bingqu, a kind of Xiaoqu, and mechanical-making moldy bran (Fuqu) for Chixiang aroma type liquor, the water-extract of Bingqu and Fuqu were used to produce trimethylsilyl oximes derivatives, and the trace compounds were identified and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that 17 kinds of sugars and sugar alcohols were found both in traditional Qu and mechanical-making moldy bran for Chixiang aroma type liquor. The concentrations of monosaccharides and the classes of polyols were the highest among all compounds in Qu detected by GC-MS. The main different compounds between two Qus were L-threitol, D-altitols, and trehalose. The concentration of trehalose in bingqu for Chixiang aroma type liquor was higher than that in mechanical-making moldy bran and daqu, thus it could be a characteristic compound of Bingqu for Chixiang aroma type liquor.