In this study, “Misty” and “O′Neal“ blueberries were used as raw material for the fermentation of blueberry wines. Effects of a commercial glucosidase AR2000 on total anthocyanins, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of the wines were evaluated. Changes in aroma compounds in wines before and after enzyme hydrolysis were determined using solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that total anthocyanins contents in both blueberry wines decreased with the increase of glucosidase addition, but it had no effects on total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. There were 22 aroma compounds quantified in the blueberry wines, among them, esters and terpenoids were the most abundant. There were 14 aroma compounds with odor activity values (OAVs) larger than 1. Concentrations of terpenoids and eugenol were higher in the “Misty” blueberry wine compared to the “O′Neal" blueberry wine. The results showed that glucosidase treatment raised the contents of some terpenoids and eugenol in different degrees in both blueberry wines. Therefore, glucosidase had significant effects on the aroma compounds in blueberry wines.
[1] PRIOR R L, CAO G, MARTIN A, et al. Antioxidant capacity as influenced by total phenolic and anthocyanin content, maturity, and variety of Vaccinium species[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1998, 46(7):2 686-2 693.
[2] HOWARD L R, PRIOR R L, LIYANAGE R, et al. Processing and storage effect on berry polyphenols: challenges and implications for bioactive properties[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2012, 60(27):6 678-6 693.
[3] 李亚东,刘海广,张志东,等. 我国蓝莓产业现状和发展趋势[J]. 中国果树, 2008(6):67-69.
[4] 郜海燕,徐龙,陈杭君,等. 蓝莓采后品质调控和抗氧化研究进展[J]. 中国食品学报, 2013, 13(6):1-8.
[5] 周立华,李艳. 自选高产β-D-葡萄糖苷酶酿酒酵母KDLYS9-16的酿酒性能[J]. 食品科学, 2017, 38(6):123-129.
[6] 周立华,牟德华,李艳. 酵母菌β-D-葡萄糖苷酶酶学性质及对葡萄酒香气的影响研究进展[J]. 酿酒科技, 2016(9):99-104.
[7] HU K, QIN Y, TAO Y, et al. Potential of glycosidase from non-saccharomyces isolates for enhancement of wine aroma[J]. Journal of Food Science, 2016, 81(4):M935-M943.
[8] AHUMADA K, MARTINEZ-GIL A, MORENO-SIMUNOVIC Y, et al. Aroma release in wine using co-immobilized enzyme aggregates[J]. Molecules, 2016, 21(11):1 485.
[9] MARTINO A, SCHIRALDI C, LAZZARO A D, et al. Improvement of the flavour of Falanghina white wine using a purified glycosidase preparation from Aspergillus niger[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2000, 36(1):93-102.
[10] SPAGNA G, ROMAGNOLI D, ANGELA M, et al. A simple method for purifying glycosidases: α-l-arabinofuranosidase and β-d-glucopyranosidase from aspergillus niger, to increase the aroma of wine. part I[J]. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 1998, 22(5):298-304.
[11] GILBERT J L, SCHWIETERMAN M L, COLQUHOUN T A, et al. Potential for increasing southern highbush blueberry flavor acceptance by breeding for major volatile components [J]. Hort Science, 2013, 48(7):835-843.
[12] DU X, ROUSEFF R. Aroma active volatiles in four southern highbush blueberry cultivars determined by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)[J]. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 2014, 62(20):4 537-4 543.
[13] FOMEY C F. Horticultural and other factors affecting aroma volatile composition of small fruit[J]. Horticultural Technology, 2001, 11(4): 529-538.
[14] LEE J, DURST R W, WROLSTAD R E. Determination of total monomeric anthocyanin pigment content of fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines by the pH differential method: collaborative study[J]. Journal of AOAC International, 2005, 88(5):1 269-1 278.
[15] 李巨秀,王柏玉. 福林-酚比色法测定桑椹中总多酚[J]. 食品科学, 2009, 30(18):292-295.
[16] 李世燕,闫公昕,朱丹,等. 分光光度法测定毛酸浆果中总黄酮含量的研究[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2016, 37(13):129-134.
[17] FANG Y, QIAN M C. Sensitive quantification of sulfur compounds in wine by headspace solid-phase microextraction technique[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2005, 1080(2):177-185.
[18] RIBEREAUGAYON P, DUBOURDIEU D, DONECHE B, et al. Handbook of Enology[M]. 2nd Edition.New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
[19] WANG Y, ZHANG C, LI J, et al. Different influences of β-glucosidases on volatile compounds and anthocyanins of Cabernet Gernischt and possible reason[J]. Food Chemistry, 2013, 140(s 1-2):245-254.
[20] ZHAO P, QIAN Y, HE F, et al. Comparative characterization of aroma compounds in merlot wine by liChrolut-EN-based aroma extract dilution analysis and odor activity value[J]. Chemosensory Perception, 2017,10(4):149-160.
[21] LOSCOS N, HERNANDEZORTE P, CACHO J, et al. Comparison of the suitability of different hydrolytic strategies to predict aroma potential of different grape varieties[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009, 57(6):2 468-2 480.
[22] HAMPEL D, ROBINSON A L, JOHNSON A J, et al. Direct hydrolysis and analysis of glycosidically bound aroma compounds in grapes and wines: comparison of hydrolysis conditions and sample preparation methods[J]. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 2015, 20(3):361-377.
[23] FERREIRA V, LOPEZ R, CACHO J F. Quantitative determination of the odorants of young red wines from different grape varieties[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2000, 80(11):1 659-1 667.
[24] GUTH H. Identification of character impact odorants of different white wine varieties[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1997,45:3 022-3 026.
[25] AZNAR M, LOPEZ R, CACHO J F, et al. Identification and quantification of impact odorants of aged red wines from Rioja. GC- olfactometry, quantitative GC-MS, and odor evaluation of HPLC fractions[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2001, 49(6): 2 924-2 929.
[26] SALIBA A J, BULLOCK J, HARDIE W J. Consumer rejection threshold for 1, 8-cineole (eucalyptol) in Australian red wine[J]. Food Quality and Preference, 2009, 20(7): 500-504.
[27] VAN GEMERT LJ. Odour threshold[M].The Netherlands:Oliemans Punter & Partners BV,1999.
[28] JIROVETZ L, BUCHBAUER G, SHAFI P M, et al. Analysis of the composition and aroma of the essential leaf oil of Syzygium travancoricum from south india by GC-FID, GC-MS, and olfactometry. Seasonal changes of composition[J]. Chromatographia, 2001, 53(1): S372-S374.