The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activities and mechanisms of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. buds extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial activities were evaluated by agar diffusion assay and microdilution method, and the mechanisms were investigated by determining the growth curves, membrane fatty acid composition, membrane protein fluorescence spectra and membrane permeability of cells, as well as changes in cell morphology. It was found that the growth of P. aeruginosa was inhibited by the extract, and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) were 3.13 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively. The relative proportions of saturated fatty acids in cell membranes increased by 6.06% and 8.19% at MIC and MBC, respectively, while the relative proportions of monounsaturated fatty acid decreased by 5.17% and 6.91%, respectively, which resulted in a decrease in membrane fluidity. Moreover, the fluorescence intensities of Phe, Trp and Tyr residues in membrane proteins reduced, which indicated that the extract could change their conformations and cause membrane dysfunction. In addition, the extract could destroy the integrity of cell membrane and increase its permeability. In conclusion, Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. buds extract can be developed as a promising preservative.
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