The postharvest diseases accounted for 20%-30% of the total loss of Hami melon, resulting in huge economic losses. The objective of this study is to investigate the physiological changes of Hami melon and to clarify the decay mechanism caused by Alternaria alternata and Trichothecium roseum. The propagation of pathogenic fungi and cell wall structure of melon were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The disease symptoms, the activity of cell wall degradation enzyme, as well as the quality changes caused by cell wall degradation were discussed. The results showed that compared with different inoculation methods, the inoculation on holes exhibited the most serious spoilage, showed disease symptom after 1 d, and the disease incidence reached 100% on the 4th day. Comparing the two pathogenic fungus inoculated groups, the lesion area of melon infected by T. roseum expanded faster than that of A. alternata. SEM observation showed that during storage, the cell wall structure of the control group was complete, and fungi grew on the surface on the 7th day, but did not cause the degradation of the cell structure. In the group inoculated with A. alternata and T. roseum, the cells were covered with fungus and the cell wall collapsed on the 3rd day, and the tissue ruptured in the T. roseum group on the 7th day. The activities of β-galactosidase, polygalacturonase, carboxymethyl cellulase and β-glucuronidase in Hami melon pericarp after inoculation increased slowly. The enzyme activity in the inoculated group (1.28-1.85 times of the control group) was significantly higher than that in the control group. The respiration rate, weightlessness rate and relative conductivity of Hami melon inoculated with spoilage fungus were higher than those in the control group, but the hardness was lower than that of the control group. These results provide a theoretical basis for the infection process of pathogenic fungus and the disease control of melon.
ZHENG Yanyan
,
ZHAO Lihui
,
WANG Yubin
,
MA Yue
,
ZHAO Xiaoyan
. Alternaria alternata and Trichothecium roseum cause disease of Hami melon by degrading the cell wall in the pericarp[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2020
, 46(10)
: 124
-131
.
DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.023148
[1] 李梦,冯作山,张明明,等.厚皮甜瓜果实对链格孢侵染抵抗能力的差异[J].贮藏保鲜,2018,39(6):281-286.
[2] 范春霞,王军节,彭期定,等.甜瓜粉霉病病原菌鉴定及三种药物对病原菌的体外抑制作用[J].食品工业科技,2019,40(13):78-83.
[3] GONG D, BI Y, LI S, et al. Trichothecium roseum infection promotes ripening of harvested muskmelon fruits and induces the release of specific volatile compound[J]. Journal of Plant Pathology,2019,101(3):529-538.
[4] 王瑾,冯作山,白羽嘉,等.链格孢侵染对伽师瓜果皮活性氧代谢的影响[J].现代食品科技,2019,35(11):1-11.
[5] 白羽嘉,张培岭,黄伟,等.链格孢菌侵染采后甜瓜果实组织几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因表达分析[J].食品科学,2018,39(2):185-191.
[6] LIU J, ZHANG X, KENNEDY J, et al. Chitosan induces resistance to tuber rot in stored potato caused by Alternaria tenuissima[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2019,14:851-857.
[7] 井敏敏,田亚琴,邵远志. 拮抗菌JS-8对‘台农’芒果贮藏品质及保护酶活性的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2018,43(1):168-173.
[8] 单春会,陈卫,唐凤仙,等.哈密瓜在致病菌侵染前后细胞超微结构的变化[J].食品与生物技术学报,2015,34(3):232-238.
[9] GE Y, CHEN Y, LI C, et al. Inhibitory effects of sodium silicate on the fungal growth and secretion of cell wall-degrading enzymes by Trichothecium roseum[J].Journal of Phytopathology,2017,165(9):620-625.
[10] SVETLANA Z, MILOSˇ S, SANJA D, et al. Antifungal activity of chitosan against Alternaria alternata and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides[J].Pesticidi I Fitomedicina,2018,33(3-4):197-204.
[11] GE Y, LI C, LU J, et al. Effects of thiamine on Trichothecium and Alternaria rots of muskmelon fruit and the possible mechanisms involved[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2017,16(11):2 623-2 631.
[12] 王斌,白小东,张静荣,等.乙酰水杨酸采前处理诱导哈密瓜果实的采后抗病性[J].果树学报,2018,35(2):222-230.
[13] DENG J, BI Y, ZHANG Z, et al. Postharvest oxalic acid treatment induces resistance against pink rot by priming in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2015,106:53-61.
[14] 王鹏程,郝海婷,王兰,等.枣黑斑病菌细胞壁降解酶活性测定及致病性分析[J].果树学报,2019,36(7):903-910.
[15] 陈妍竹,胡文忠,刘程惠,等.扫描电镜在果蔬保藏中的应用[J].食品与发酵工业,2016,42(10):222-230.
[16] XU L, TAO N, YANG W, et al. Cinnamaldehyde damaged the cell membrane of Alternaria alternata and induced the degradation of mycotoxins in vivo[J]. Industrial Crops and Products,2018,112:427-433.
[17] WANG Y, BI Y, LI Y, et al. Antifungal activity of sodium silicate on Trichothecium roseum in vitro[J]. Acta Horticulturae,2010,877:1 683-1 690.
[18] GUO Y, LIU L, ZHAO J, et al. Use of silicon oxide and sodium silicate for controlling Trichothecium roseum postharvest rot in Chinese cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.)[J].International Journal of Food Science and Technology,2007,42(8):1 012-1 018.
[19] 曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007.
[20] 王霞,魏佳,张政,等.一氧化氮(NO)和湿度因子对哈密瓜采后耐冷性的影响[J].现代食品科技,2019,25(9):908-914.
[21] BELLINCAMPI D, CERVONE F, LIONETTI V. Plant cell wall dynamics and wall-related susceptibility in plant-pathogen interactions[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science,2014,5:1-8.
[22] 康子腾,姜黎明,罗义勇,等.植物病原链格孢属真菌的致病机制研究进展[J].生命科学,2013,25(9):908-914.
[23] 李庆亮,李捷,李夏鸣,等.细胞壁降解酶在苹果霉心病菌致病过程中的作用研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(31):90-95.
[24] 吴秀.链格孢菌侵染对西兰花品质的影响及致病机理研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2017.
[25] YAN B, ZHANG Z, ZHANG P, et al. Nitric oxide enhances resistance against black spot disease in muskmelon and the possible mechanisms involved[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2019,256:108 650.
