Exopolysaccharides is produced by Lactic acid bacteria which is General Recognized As Safe status(GRAS).As its excellent functions,it is becoming a research hotspot recently.However,its industrial application is limited by the low production level.Therefore,it is significant for studying the genetics to improve the production.This paper mainly concerns about the classification and structure of exopolysaccharides,biosynthesis of homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides,besides the discrepancies between these two exopolysaccharides.Genetic regulation and some effective regulation measures are closely discussed as well.This paper should provide a theoretical reference for further research.