In order to optimize acid extraction of black feather silky fowl.Method: Black feather silky fowl was used as raw material,hydrochloric acid hot reflux was applied in extracting silky fowl melanin.The melanin content was also determined.Three independent variables affected yield of melanin: extraction time,hydrochloric acid concentration and solvent/material ratio.On the basis of single factor experiment and the response surface methodology,the best conditions of extraction were determined.Then the mathematical regression model was used to predict the extraction yield of melanin.Result: The optical protocol was: 27% hydrochloric acid,extraction 6h,material to solvent ratio of 1∶ 2(g·mL-1).Under the above conditions,the extraction yield was up to 4.72%.The sample of melanin was processed by hydrogen peroxide oxidation treatment and tested by high performance liquid,the content was 76.20%.Conclusion: The hydrochloric acid hydrolysis method can be used in extracting the melanin of black feather silky fowl.