The mathematical model was established to determinate the Penaeus vannamei Boone's content of volatile base nitrogen( TVB-N) and total bacterial count( TBC) by near infrared spectroscopy. There were 42 samples scanned by a spectroradiometer,the spectra was obtained range from 950 to 1650nm. The raw spectra were pretreated by first derivative、Savisky-Golay( SG) smoothing and Standard Normal Variate( SNV) using the Unscrambler 10. 3. The partial least square regression( PLSR) was used to build TVB-N and TBC model,and validating model. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of calibration set and prediction set of TVB-N model were 0. 980 and 0. 923 respectively. Root Mean Standard Error of Cross-Validation( RMSECV) and Root Mean Square Errors of Prediction( RMSEP) were 1. 189 and 2. 179 respectively; The correlation coefficients of calibration set and prediction set of TBC model were 0. 991and 0. 943 respectively. RMSECV and RMSEP were 0. 136 and 0. 603. The results indicated that these models were better to predict TVB-N and TBC in Penaeus vannamei Boone,and could determine shrimp freshness.