Influenza virus infections continue to threaten global health. According to 'lung-gut axis' theory, probiotics can prevent host from respiratory virus infection and maintain respiratory health by regulating the host’s immune response. However, the effect and mechanism of probiotics are strain-specific and unclear. This study explored the prophylactic effects of different probiotics on H3N2 infection, as well as the differences of regulation of immune response and intestinal flora composition. Female ICR mice (3-4 weeks old) were randomly divided into control, model, positive control and probiotics treatment groups. Mice were orally administered bacterial suspension (109 CFU/d) for two weeks before infection. Then, all mice were infected intranasally with a dose of 5-times the 50% lethal dose (5 LD50) of the influenza A virus (H3N2) strain, except control group. Results showed that probiotics relieved symptoms, such as weight loss, pulmonary perivascular and parabronchial inflammatory cell infiltration. Besides, probiotics reduced the levels of inflammatory factors in the lungs, especially IL-1β and TNF-α. Nevertheless, the effects of probiotics on cytokines in the blood were significantly different. Bifidobacterium bifidum 2 activated higher expression of innate immune response cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, compared with B. bifidum 1 form the same species. Lactobacillus acidophilus 1 and Bifidobacterium breve 2 led to lower level of IL-6, compared with the other strain form the same species. Probiotics regulated the relative abundance of Tyzzerella,Candidatus, Saccharimona and Odoribacter, which be associated with host immune regulation. B. bifidum reduced the levels of Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group and UBA 1819, while L. acidophilus downregulated the level of Akkermansia. The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group and Dubosiella was decreased in B. breve groups. B. bifidum 2 was the most effective strain in relieving weight loss and lung damage after H3N2 infections, which may be associated with the upregulation of innate immune response. Moreover, the mechanism of B. bifidum 2 might related to the increase of Aloprevotella in the gut. In conclusion, different probiotics have different effects on the gut composition, which result in the different regulation of H3N2 virus infection.
WANG Qianwen
,
FANG Zhifeng
,
ZHANG Pinghu
,
WANG Hongchao
,
ZHU Jinlin
,
ZHAO Jianxin
,
ZHANG Hao
,
CHEN Wei
,
LU Wenwei
. Specific mitigative effect of probiotics on influenza A virus H3N2 infection[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2022
, 48(19)
: 79
-85
.
DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.030409
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