To meet for needs of dieters and diabetics, a sucrose-free lactic acid bacteria (LAB) oral liquid product was obtained by optimizing the fermentation medium formula. By comparing the effects of four prebiotics (xylo-oligosaccharide, fructose-oligosaccharide, galactose-oligosaccharide, inulin) on the growth of mixture fermented agents and sucrose content, 20 g/L fructose-oligosaccharide was selected as the carbon source. By comparing the effects of three nitrogen sources (skimmed milk powder, whey protein concentrate and bovine bone collagen protein) on the growth of mixture fermented agents and sucrose content, 8 g/L bovine bone collagen was selected as the nitrogen source. The initial amounts of bacteria in this sucrose-free LAB oral liquid product reached 6.40×108 CFU/mL, and the sucrose content was less than 5 g/L. The stability of this sucrose-free product is better than a sucrose-containing product in the market. The composition of this sucrose-free product was analyzed by the untargeted metabolomics technology. This product contains organic acids, amino acids and many active substances, such as ceramide that functions to lock skin moisture, triterpene saponins SA4 that’s active in liver protection, and β-porphyrin derivatives that potentiates in antiviral, antioxidant and antitumor properties. Through KEGG metabolic pathway analysis, it was found that glutamate, glutamine, arginine and other amino acid metabolic pathways were more involved. These studies provide theoretically impelling support for the sucrose-free LAB oral liquid product to balance intestinal flora and improve human immunity.
[1] 杨凯, 李建涛, 马霓, 等.低GI酸奶的研究开发进展[J].中国奶牛, 2021(11):36-40.
YANG K, LI J T, MA N, et al.The research and development progress of yogurt with low glycemic index[J].China Dairy Cattle, 2021(11):36-40.
[2] DUKE L, MOURA A F.IDF Diabetes Atlas[M].9th Edition, 2019.
[3] 罗玲泉, 刘成国.无蔗糖酸奶的研制[J].中国奶牛, 2007(2):33-36.
LUO L Q, LIU C G.Development of sugar-free yoghurt[J].China Dairy Cattle, 2007(2):33-36.
[4] 孙庆申, 周丽楠.益生菌类保健食品研究进展[J].食品科学技术学报, 2018(2):21-26;34.
SUN Q S, ZHOU L N.Research progress of probiotics-based health food[J].Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2018(2):21-26;34.
[5] JAYNE-WILLIAMS D J.Miniaturized methods for the characterization of bacterial isolates[J].The Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 1975, 38(3):305-309.
[6] JAYNE-WILLIAMS D J.The application of miniaturized methods for the characterization of various organisms isolated from the animal gut[J].Le Chirurgien-Dentiste De France, 1976, 40(2):189-200.
[7] 谢莹莹, 龙海燕, 粟贵, 等.HPLC-RID法测定银柴颗粒中蔗糖的含量研究[J].中国医药科学, 2020, 10(13):48-51.
XIE Y Y, LONG H Y, SU G, et al.Determination of sucrose contents in Yinchai granules by HPLC-RID[J].China Medicine and Pharmacy, 2020, 10(13):48-51.
[8] 刘晓雪, 曹美丽, 王雪飞.益生菌在婴幼儿配方奶粉中稳定性的研究[J].中国乳品工业, 2015, 43(2):9-11;23.
LIU X X, CAO M L, WANG X F.Stability of probiotics in infant formula milk powder[J].China Dairy Industry, 2015, 43(2):9-11;23.
[9] COCKBURN D W, KOROPATKIN N M.Polysaccharide degradation by the intestinal microbiota and its influence on human health and disease[J].Journal of Molecular Biology, 2016, 428(16):3 230-3 252.
[10] PALMNÄS M S A, COWAN T E, BOMHOF M R, et al.Low-dose aspartame consumption differentially affects gut microbiota-host metabolic interactions in the diet-induced obese rat[J].PLoS One, 2014, 9(10):e109841.
[11] 蔡雯雯. 人工甜味剂长期暴露引起葡萄糖耐受性的改变及其分子机制研究[D].杭州:浙江工商大学, 2015.
CAI W W.Chronic exposure to artificial sweeteners induced changes in glucose tolerance and its molecular mechanism[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Gongshang University, 2015.
[12] 罗芳, 刘国林, 张萌, 等.基于UPLC-Q-TOF MS代谢组学技术筛选表征奶牛产后异食癖的候选生物标识物[J].中国兽医学报, 2020, 40(4):791-799.
LUO F, LIU G L, ZHANG M, et al.Selection of candidate biomarkers featuring Pica in postpartum cows based on UPLC-Q-TOF MS metabolomics[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, 2020, 40(4):791-799.
[13] 唐富豪, 滕建文, 韦保耀, 等.基于非靶向代谢组学评价传统发酵对客家酸芥菜酚类化合物组成的影响[J].食品与发酵工业, 2021(8):128-133.
TANG F H, TENG J W, WEI B Y, et al.Evaluation of the influence of traditional fermentation on the composition of phenolic compounds in Hakka pickled mustard greens based on non-targeted metabolomics[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2021(8):128-133.
[14] 魏静, 张伟敏, 钟耕.神经酰胺对皮肤生理作用及其在化妆品中应用[J].粮食与油脂, 2007, 20(1):21-24.
WEI J, ZHANG W M, ZHONG G.Function of ceramides in skin and application in cosmetic[J].Cereals ＆ Oils, 2007, 20(1):21-24.
[15] PHILIPS N, TUASON M, CHANG T, et al.Differential effects of ceramide on cell viability and extracellular matrix remodeling in keratinocytes and fibroblasts[J].Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2009, 22(3):151-157.
[16] 唐瑶, 陈洋, 曹婉鑫.三萜皂苷结构及应用的研究进展[J].安徽化工, 2015, 41(2):13-15;22.
TANG Y, CHEN Y, CAO W X.Research progress in structure and application of triterpenoid saponins[J].Anhui Chemical Industry, 2015, 41(2):13-15;22.
[17] NAVARRO DEL HIERRO J, HERRERA T, FORNARI T, et al.The gastrointestinal behavior of saponins and its significance for their bioavailability and bioactivities[J].Journal of Functional Foods, 2018, 40:484-497.
[18] BERENBAUM M C, BONNETT R, SCOURIDES P A.In vivo biological activity of the components of haematoporphyrin derivative[J].British Journal of Cancer, 1982, 45(4):571-581.
[19] 旷义文. 复合有机酸替代抗生素或氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响及机理研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学, 2018.
KUANG Y W.Effects and underlying mechanisms of compound organic acids utilized as alternatives to antibiotics or zinc oxide in weaned piglet diets[D].Ya’an:Sichuan Agricultural University, 2018.
[20] FELIG P.Amino acid metabolism in man[J].Annual Review of Biochemistry, 1975, 44:933-955.
[21] 王亚男, 史雅坤, 唐晓琳.脂类物质抗菌的研究进展[J].中国微生态学杂志, 2020, 32(10):1 210-1 214.
WANG Y N, SHI Y K, TANG X L.The advance in research on antibacterial properties of lipids[J].Chinese Journal of Microecology, 2020, 32(10):1 210-1 214.
[22] 梁兴国, 李佥, 黄丽丽, 等.核酸代谢与营养研究及发展趋势[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 49(10):64-78.
LIANG X G, LI Q, HUANG L L, et al.Researches on nucleic acid metabolism and nutrition and their development[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2019, 49(10):64-78.
[23] NAAIJEN J, BRALTEN J, POELMANS G, et al.Glutamatergic and GABAergic gene sets in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder:Association to overlapping traits in ADHD and autism[J].Translational Psychiatry, 2017, 7(1):e999.
[24] TSAI P H, LIU J J, YEH C L, et al.Effects of glutamine supplementation on oxidative stress-related gene expression and antioxidant properties in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes[J].The British Journal of Nutrition, 2012, 107(8):1 112-1 118.
[25] LYU D H, XIONG X, YANG H S, et al.Effect of dietary soy oil, glucose, and glutamine on growth performance, amino acid profile, blood profile, immunity, and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets[J].Science China.Life Sciences, 2018, 61(10):1 233-1 242.
[26] 李仲福, 卞涛.L-天冬氨酸的生产与应用进展[J].天津化工, 2015, 29(1):13-15.
LI Z F, BIAN T.Growth and application of L-aspartic acid[J].Tianjin Chemical Industry, 2015, 29(1):13-15.
[27] 聂玉朋, 徐慧, 姚明静, 等.L-丙氨酸的应用及生产现状概述[J].中国酿造, 2021, 40(11):26-30.
NIE Y P, XU H, YAO M J, et al.Application and production status of L-alanine[J].China Brewing, 2021, 40(11):26-30.
