Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a key microorganism in the fermentation industry. During the logarithmic growth period, yeasts proliferate rapidly and accumulate a large amount of primary metabolites. Regulating this period can improve the fermentation efficiency. In order to understand the fermentation of S. cerevisiae in the logarithmic growth period, the main metabolites and metabolic pathways were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS). The results showed that 927 metabolites were identified, among which the quantity and relative content of compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur were the highest. Among the metabolic pathways involved in these metabolites, nucleotide metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and amino acid metabolism were the main metabolic pathways of S. cerevisiae, and the relative abundance of pyrimidine metabolism was the highest in nucleotide metabolism. Metabolites and metabolic pathways mainly involved the construction of yeast cell membrane, the replication of genetic information, the transmission of signal molecules, the regulation of osmotic pressure, and so on. These metabolic processes provided basic small molecular substances and energy for yeast growth, and also provided raw materials for the biosynthesis of biological macromolecules such as protein and nucleic acid. In addition, the metabolic flow distribution of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism could better support the nucleotide metabolism of S. cerevisiae and promote the proliferation, growth, and survival of S. cerevisiae. The results provided a scientific basis for the directional transformation of S. cerevisiae and the improvement of its fermentation efficiency.
[1] 江丽红, 董昌, 黄磊, 等.酿酒酵母代谢工程技术[J].生物工程学报, 2021, 37(5):1 578-1 602.
JIANG L H, DONG C, HUANG L, et al.Metabolic engineering tools for Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology, 2021, 37(5):1 578-1 602.
[2] 张弦, 章亭洲, 瞿明仁.活性干酵母及酵母培养物在反刍动物中的研究进展与应用[J].动物营养学报, 2022, 34(1):20-29.
ZHANG X, ZHANG T Z, QU M R.Research progress and applica- tion of active dry yeast and yeast culture in ruminants[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022, 34(1):20-29.
[3] LIU Y, NIELSEN J.Recent trends in metabolic engineering of microbial chemical factories[J].Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2019, 60:188-197.
[4] 孙杰, 于欣君, 王微, 等.酿酒酵母不同培养方式和生长阶段的代谢组差异分析[J].浙江工业大学学报, 2017, 45(6):654-659.
SUN J, YU X J, WANG W, et al.Metabolome analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in different culture patterns and growth phases[J].Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology, 2017, 45(6):654-659.
[5] SCHULER M M, MARISON I W.Real-time monitoring and control of microbial bioprocesses with focus on the specific growth rate:Current state and perspectives[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2012, 94(6):1 469-1 482.
[6] ZHOU Y B, ZHU Y M, MEN Y, et al.Construction of engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain to improve that whole-cell biocatalytic production of melibiose from raffinose[J].Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2017, 44(3):489-501.
[7] 叶燕锐, 唐语谦, 陈宏运, 等.酿酒酵母对数生长后期代谢重构的全基因组表达谱芯片分析[J].生物工程学报, 2008, 24(6):962-967.
YE Y R, TANG Y Q, CHEN H Y, et al.Global expression profiling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae:Metabolic remodeling in post-log phase[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology, 2008, 24(6):962-967.
[8] HARRIS A, LINDSAY M A, GANLEY A R D, et al.Sound stimulation can affect Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth and production of volatile metabolites in liquid medium[J].Metabolites, 2021, 11(9):605.
[9] RAM Y, DELLUS-GUR E, BIBI M, et al.Predicting microbial growth in a mixed culture from growth curve data[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019, 116(29):14 698-14 707.
[10] 刘益宁, 秦臻, 李旋, 等.胞苷合成途径改造对大肠杆菌嘧啶核苷发酵的影响[J].食品与发酵工业, 2021, 47(12):10-16.
LIU Y N, QIN Z, LI X, et al.Effect of cytidine synthesis pathway modification on the fermentation of pyrimidine nucleoside by Escherichia coli[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2021, 47(12):10-16.
[11] ZHOU M Y,BI Y H,DING M Z, et al.One-step biosynthesis of vitamin C in Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J].Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021, 12:643472.
[12] 卢敏.促酵母生长代谢活性肽的分离纯化与结构鉴定研究[D].广州:华南理工大学, 2017.
LU M.Purification and identification of active peptides that promote yeast growth and metabolism[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology, 2017.
[13] ZHANG T Y,WU P,ZHANG J H.et al.Docosahexaenoic acid alleviates oxidative stress-based apoptosis via improving mitochondrial dynamics in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage[J].Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 2018, 38(7):1 413-1 423.
[14] YODTHONG T, KEDJARUNE-LEGGAT U, SMYTHE C, et al.L-Quebrachitol promotes the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of MC3 T3-E1cells:Involvement of the BMP-2/Runx2/MAPK/wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway[J].Molecules(Basel, Switzerland), 2018, 23(12):3 086.
[15] 谭继君, 伍小松.α-茄碱的生理功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用前景[J].中国饲料, 2018(17):23-26.
TAN J J, WU X S.The biological function of α-solanine and its application in animal feed[J].China Feed, 2018(17):23-26.
[16] 李杰, 田俊宇, 季圆清, 等.代谢组学分析甜菜碱对大肠杆菌合成苏氨酸的影响[J].食品与发酵工业, 2021, 47(17):34-40.
LI J, TIAN J Y, JI Y Q, et al.Effect of betaine on synthesis of threonine in Escherichia coli by metabonomic analysis[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2021, 47(17):34-40.
[17] 吴和涛, 谢婧, 罗莎, 等.华癸中慢生根瘤菌焦磷酸硫胺素结合蛋白基因tpp的功能研究[J].华中农业大学学报, 2019, 38(3):77-82.
WU H T, XIE J, LUO S, et al.Function of thiamine pyrophosphate-binding protein gene tpp in Mesorhizobium huakuii[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2019, 38(3):77-82.
[18] XU J Y, ZHANG Y, QI D, et al.Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses highlight the influence of lipid changes on the post-harvest softening of Pyrus ussurian Max.' Zaoshu Shanli'[J].Genomics, 2021, 113(1):919-926.
[19] 刘小杰, 娄行行, 陈启和.竹叶提取物和敲除转录因子DAL80对酿酒酵母精氨酸代谢的调控互作影响[J].食品科学, 2021, 42(16):76-82.
LIU X J, LOU H H, CHEN Q H.Interactive effects of addition of bamboo leaf extract and knockout of transcriptional factor DAL80 on arginine metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [J].Food Science, 2021, 42(16):76-82.
[20] XUE J Q, TANG Y, WANG S L, et al.Evaluation of dry and wet storage on vase quality of cut peony based on the regulation of starch and sucrose metabolism[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2019, 155:11-19.
[21] 彭立新, 王桂文, 廖威, 等.光镊拉曼光谱分析酿酒活性干酵母的活化与生长[J].微生物学通报, 2009, 36(8):1 137-1 142.
PENG L X, WANG G W, LIAO W, et al.Raman spectroscopic investigation on the activation and growth of active dry wine yeast[J].Microbiology, 2009, 36(8):1 137-1 142.
[22] 刘茜, 吴祖芳, 翁佩芳, 等.酵母菌混合培养氨基酸代谢差异性及对菌株生长的影响[J].中国食品学报, 2018, 18(6):76-82.
LIU Q, WU Z F, WENG P F, et al.Diversity of amino acids metabolism and its effects on the growth of yeast strain by mixed culture[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2018, 18(6):76-82.
[23] 李慧.产氨短杆菌Corynebacterium ammoniagenes 转化乳清酸(OA)生成尿苷酸(UMP)的研究[D].上海:上海师范大学, 2005.
LI H.Research of conversion of orotic acid to uridine-5-monophosphate by Corynebacterium ammoniagenes [D].Shanghai:Shanghai Normal University, 2005.
[24] 张凯丽.产尿嘧啶核苷酸的酿酒酵母重组菌的代谢调控研究[D].北京:北京工商大学, 2016.
ZHANG K L.Study on metabolic regulation for uridine monophosphate production of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae[D].Beijing:Beijing Technology and Business University, 2016.
