This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of fucoidan on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mice and to explore its influence on the intestinal flora of UC mice.Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, mesalazine group and fucoidan group.Mice were provided with distilled drinking water containing 3.0% DSS for 7 days to induce acute colitis.The mice in the mesalazine and fucoidan groups were given with the corresponding drug at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 9 days. The body weight and fecal status were recorded daily, the secretion of inflammatory factors were measured in the colonic tissues of mice by ELISA,the histopathological changes of the colon were observed by HE, and the fecal samples of mice were performed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.Compared with the model group, fucoidan could effectively alleviate the symptoms of UC mice, slow down the weight loss (P<0.05), improve diarrhea (P<0.05) and blood in stool (P<0.01),reduce the histopathological damage of colon, decrease the histopathological score of colon (P<0.001),inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors IL-1β (P<0.01), IL-6 (P<0.001) and TNF-α (P<0.001).16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora in UC mice treated with fucoidan increased.At the phylum level, the values of the Firmicutes/Bacteroides decreased.At the genus level, the relative abundance of the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori decreased and the relative abundance of the beneficial bacteria Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Alistipes, and Alloprevotella increased.Fucoidan can effectively alleviate the disease in UC mice, and it may play a therapeutic role in UC by restoring the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora and regulating the composition of intestinal flora.
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