This study aims to optimize the extraction process of Cistanche tubulosa active components by response surface and to further investigate its antioxidant and whitening properties.Active components in C. tubulosa were extracted using microwave ultrasonic extraction.The echinacoside present in the extract was used as the index component, and the extraction process was further optimized by the Box-Behnken method of response surfaces.The antioxidant activity in vitro was assessed after the extract was obtained by testing the scavenging capacities of DPPH free radicals and ABTS cationic radicals, and total reducing power.The CCK-8 method and flow cytometry were used to detect related indexes of murine melanoma cells (B16 cells) and to evaluate their whitening activity in vitro.According to the findings, the obtained optimum values of extraction conditions were as follows:A material-to-liquid ratio of 1∶16, an ethanol concentration of 70%, an ultrasonic power of 160 W, and a 6-minute ultrasonic period.Echinacoside was present in the extract at a level of 8.09% under these circumstances.At a concentration of 2 mg/mL, C. tubulosa extract had better total reducing ability and was comparable to vitamin C in terms of its ability to scavenge free radicals.The amount of melanin in B16 cells decreased to 58.12% and the rate of tyrosine activity inhibition increased to 32.10% at a concentration of 50 mg/mL of C. tubulosa extract.The amount of melanosome transport decreased to 12.77% at a concentration of 100 mg/mL of C. tubulosa extract, which significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity, melanin production, and melanosome transport.In vitro testing of the C. tubulosa extract revealed significant antioxidant capacity as well as a favorable whitening effect.It has potential as a natural raw material for whitening and antioxidants.
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