Aspergillus clavatus and Penicillium expansum can cause apple rot and produce the toxic secondary metabolite patulin (PAT), reducing the quality of processed apple products and posing a health risk to consumers.This study aimed to screen the biocontrol microorganism that could inhibit the growth and toxin production of deleterious fungi and to explore the antifungal properties and the effects on the storage quality of apples.Geotrichum candidum XG1 as a biocontrol microorganism was screened from the investigated strains that could inhibit the growth and toxin production of deleterious fungi by in vivo and in vitro experiments.Results showed that the growth inhibition rate of G.candidum XG1 against A.clavatus and P.expansum in vitro were 78.07% and 83.71%, respectively.Moreover, the growth inhibition rates on apples were 54.66% and 63.56%, respectively.Meanwhile, G.candidum XG1 strongly inhibited the production of PAT by deleterious fungi in different substrates (PDB, apple juice, and apples).The inhibition effect could be improved by increasing the concentration of biocontrol microorganisms and ensuring that the inoculation time was earlier or that the inoculation order was the priority over the deleterious fungi.Meanwhile, the primary inhibitory mechanism of G.candidum XG1 against deleterious fungi may be based on competition for nutrients and space, but this requires further investigation.The 40-day storage experiment showed that G.candidum XG1 could prevent the natural spoilage of apples and had no adverse effect on the quality of apples.In conclusion, G.candidum XG1 showed excellent antifungal and toxic control effects on patulin-producing fungi on apples, indicating promising future applications.
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