Biogenic amines are toxic and harmful nitrogenous compounds found in fermented foods.The current methods for the detection of biogenic amines are complicated and time-consuming.In this paper, an external standard quantitative method for the rapid determination of biogenic amines in Baijiu was established by direct analysis in real-time coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (DART-QQQ), and the parameters of direct analysis in real-time (DART), injection speed, sampling mode, and solvent were optimized.The biogenic amines determined included putrescine (PUT), histamine (HIS), cadaverine (CAD), tyramine (TYR), and tryptamine (TRP).Results showed that 400 ℃ was the optimal working temperature for the DART source, the peak shape of the biogenic amine peaks was sharp, and the peak spacing was suitable at an injection rate of 1 mm/s.The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the analytes using Quick Strip sampling mode were lower than 20%, the regression coefficients (R2) of biogenic amines were greater than 0.99, the limits of detection (LODs) of the method were in the range of 8.60-38.00 μg/L, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) of the method were in the range of 28.75-126.50 μg/L.In conclusion, the method was an on-site, non-destructive, rapid, low-carbon, in situ, direct analysis method for the rapid screening and assessment of biogenic amines in Baijiu, and the operation greatly met the needs of the Baijiu industry for quality and safety control and risk assessment.
[1] FAN J Y, QU G Y, WANG D T, et al.Synergistic fermentation with functional microorganisms improves safety and quality of traditional Chinese fermented foods[J].Foods, 2023, 12(15):2892.
[2] SEITTER M, GENG B, HERTEL C.Binding to extracellular matrix proteins and formation of biogenic amines by food-associated coagulase-negative staphylococci[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2011, 145(2-3):483-487.
[3] 张立飞, 孙明浩, 华成黎, 等.发酵食品中生物胺的形成、检测及其防控策略的研究进展[J].食品与发酵工业, 2023, 49(3):329-339.
ZHANG L F, SUN M H, HUA C L, et al.Research progress on the production, detection and prevention of biogenic amine in fermented food[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2023, 49(3):329-339.
[4] 肖洪, 丁晓雯, 梁菡峪, 等.发酵食品中的生物胺及其控制研究进展[J].食品工业科技, 2012, 33(20):346-350.
XIAO H, DING X W, LIANG H Y, et al.Research progress in the biogenic amines and its control measures in fermented food[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2012, 33(20):346-350.
[5] 王可利, 叶泰, 徐斐, 等.UPLC-MS/MS法测定黄酒中8种生物胺[J].食品科学, 2021, 42(16):281-285.
WANG K L, YE T, XU F, et al.Determination of eight biogenic amines in Huangjiu (rice wine) by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Food Science, 2021, 42(16):281-285.
[6] 张雅卿, 叶书建, 周睿, 等.发酵食品风味物质及其相关微生物[J].酿酒科技, 2021(2):85-96.
ZHANG Y Q, YE S J, ZHOU R, et al.Flavoring substances and related microorganisms of fermented food[J].Liquor-Making Science & Technology, 2021(2):85-96.
[7] SELF R L, WU W H, MARKS H S.Simultaneous quantification of eight biogenic amine compounds in tuna by matrix solid-phase dispersion followed by HPLC-orbitrap mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011, 59(11):5906-5913.
[8] LI Y, YANG H X, LIAO H M, et al.Simultaneous determination of ten biogenic amines in a thymopolypeptides injection using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography B, 2013, 929:33-39.
[9] 张颖, 张蕴, 赵永纲.分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定红酒中14种生物胺及其代谢产物[J].中国卫生检验杂志, 2022, 32(9):1025-1029.
ZHANG Y, ZHANG Y, ZHAO Y G.Detection of 14 biogenic amines and their metabolites in red wine by dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 2022, 32(9):1025-1029.
[10] GOSETTI F, MAZZUCCO E, GENNARO M C, et al.Simultaneous determination of sixteen underivatized biogenic amines in human urine by HPLC-MS/MS[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2013, 405(2-3):907-916.
[11] PAWAR R S, GRUNDEL E, FARDIN-KIA A R, et al.Determination of selected biogenic amines in Acacia rigidula plant materials and dietary supplements using LC-MS/MS methods[J].Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2014, 88:457-466.
[12] HAN J, DATLA R, CHAN S, et al.Mass spectrometry-based technologies for high-throughput metabolomics[J].Bioanalysis, 2009, 1(9):1665-1684.
[13] ZHOU Z G, ZHANG J L, ZHANG W, et al.Rapid screening for synthetic antidiabetic drug adulteration in herbal dietary supplements using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry[J].Analyst, 2011, 136(12):2613-2618.
[14] VACLAVIK L, CAPUANO E, G?KMEN V, et al.Prediction of acrylamide formation in biscuits based on fingerprint data generated by ambient ionization mass spectrometry employing direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source[J].Food Chemistry, 2015, 173:290-297.
[15] BUSMAN M, LIU J H, ZHONG H J, et al.Determination of the aflatoxin AFB1 from corn by direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS)[J].Food Additives & Contaminants:Part A, 2014, 31(5):932-939.
[16] HRBEK V, VACLAVIK L, ELICH O, et al.Authentication of milk and milk-based foods by direct analysis in real time ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) technique:A critical assessment[J].Food Control, 2014, 36(1):138-145.
[17] KIGUCHI O, OKA K, TAMADA M, et al.Thin-layer chromatography/direct analysis in real time time-of-flight mass spectrometry and isotope dilution to analyze organophosphorus insecticides in fatty foods[J].Journal of Chromatography A, 2014, 1370:246-254.
[18] ALBERT A, SHELLEY J T, ENGELHARD C.Plasma-based ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry:State-of-the-art in qualitative and quantitative analysis[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2014, 406(25):6111-6127.
[19] WANG L, ZHAO P Y, ZHANG F Z, et al.Detection of caffeine in tea, instant coffee, green tea beverage, and soft drink by direct analysis in real time (DART) source coupled to single-quadrupole mass spectrometry[J].Journal of AOAC International, 2013, 96(2):353-356.
[20] FRASER K, LANE G A, OTTER D E, et al.Monitoring tea fermentation/manufacturing by direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry[J].Food Chemistry, 2013, 141(3):2060-2065.
[21] ROMERO-GONZÁLEZ R, ALARCÓN-FLORES M I, MARTÍNEZ VIDAL J L, et al.Simultaneous determination of four biogenic and three volatile amines in anchovy by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2012, 60(21):5324-5329.
[22] JIA S D, KANG Y P, PARK J H, et al.Determination of biogenic amines in Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miq.) wines using a novel ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry[J].Food Chemistry, 2012, 132(3):1185-1190.
[23] 温永柱, 范文来, 徐岩.GC-MS法定性白酒中的多种生物胺[J].酿酒, 2013,40(1):38-41.
WEN Y Z, FAN W L, XU Y.Identification of a variety of biogenic amines by GC-MS method in China’s liquor[J].Liquor Making, 2013,40(1):38-41.
[24] 宋卫得, 许美玲, 高尧华, 等.离子色谱法同时测定果汁中20种有机胺、生物胺和阳离子[J].分析试验室, 2020, 39(5):590-595.
SONG W D, XU M L, GAO Y H, et al.Simultaneous determination of twenty organic amine,biogenic amines and cations in fruit juice by ion chromatography[J].Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory, 2020, 39(5):590-595.
[25] 罗娇依, 郑越男, 刘彤彤, 等.柱前衍生超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定三文鱼中9种生物胺[J].食品安全质量检测学报, 2021,12(17):6909-6917.
LUO J Y, ZHENG Y N, LIU T T, et al.Determination of 9 kinds of biogenic amines in salmon by precolumn derivatization-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2021,12(17):6 909-6917.
