To investigate the effects of Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar (VAR) on gut microbiota and its metabolites of normal C57BL/6J mice, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics techniques.After continuous oral administration of VAR in mice for four weeks, we found that compared with the control group, the weight and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content of mice in the VAR group were significantly increased.VAR significantly increased the α diversity of gut microbiota, and promoted the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, while inhibiting Desulfovibrio.Linear discriminant analysis (LEfSe) revealed that the VAR group's biomarkers were Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidales, Muribaculaceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae.Functional prediction analysis with PICRUSt2 (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2) revealed that the bacterial community of VAR promoted citric acid cycle, tyrosine, and glutathione metabolism, and inhibited cell apoptosis.Extensive metabolomic analysis of stool showed that the content of metabolites such as ascorbic acid and adrenergic substances, isoleucine and urobilin, which are conducive to maintaining normal life activities, increased significantly in the VAR group.The results demonstrated that VAR could significantly modulate gut microbiota and metabolites, which laid a theoretical foundation for its functional food development.
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