Food and Fermentation Industries >

2025 , Vol. 51 >Issue 14: 399 - 411

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.042394

Research progress on effects and mechanisms of plant growth regulators on fruit quality

  • LI Rui ,
  • LI Zhenyuan ,
  • HONG Xianlong ,
  • ZHAO Xijuan
Expand
  • 1(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China)
    2(Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400715, China)

Received date: 2025-02-17

  Revised date: 2025-03-21

  Online published: 2025-08-01

Fold

Abstract

Plant growth regulators (PGR) play a crucial role in the improvement of fruit appearance, the regulation of intrinsic quality, and the accumulation and metabolism of nutrients.In recent years, the impact of PGR on fruit quality has received increasing attention.This review summarizes the types of PGR and their effects on the appearance quality, intrinsic physicochemical and nutritional quality, secondary metabolites, and safety quality of fruits.The fruits quality includes the following indices such as shape index, fruit weight, the contents of sugar, acidity, total soluble solid, vitamin C, mineral elements, amino acids and proteins, as well as the safety quality.Secondary metabolites include flavonoids and aroma components.Meanwhile, the mechanisms by which different types of PGR affect fruit quality are also discussed.It is found that the effects of the same PGR on fruit quality vary depending on the type of fruits, application time, and concentrations.There are differences in the regulatory mechanisms of different PGRs on various qualities of fruits.Reasonable use of PGR can improve fruit quality, but improper use probably affects the quality of fruits and even cause potential risks to environment and humans.This article will provide some references for the use of PGR reasonably in the process of fruit production as well as the development and application of green and efficient PGR.

Key words： plant growth regulators; fruit; fruit quality; mechanism of action

Cite this article

LI Rui , LI Zhenyuan , HONG Xianlong , ZHAO Xijuan . Research progress on effects and mechanisms of plant growth regulators on fruit quality[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2025 , 51(14) : 399 -411 . DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.042394

References

[1] RADEMACHER W.Plant growth regulators:Backgrounds and uses in plant production[J].Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2015, 34(4):845-872.
[2] LIU C X, ZHANG M M, LI L, et al.Development and application of the novel plant growth regulator guvermectin:A perspective[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2024, 72(15):8365-8371.
[3] CHEN H W, CHENG J T, HUANG Y, et al.Comparative analysis of sugar, acid, and volatile compounds in CPPU-treated and honeybee-pollinated melon fruits during different developmental stages[J].Food Chemistry, 2023, 401:134072.
[4] 崔筱,孔维丽.生长素IAA对食用菌生长发育影响的研究进展[J].中国瓜菜, 2024,37(8):8-14.
CUI X, KONG W L.Research progress of auxin IAA on the growth and development of edible fungi[J].China Cucurbits and Vegetables, 2024, 37(8):8-14.
[5] CHEN Z L, DEBERNARDI J M, DUBCOVSKY J, et al.Recent advances in crop transformation technologies[J].Nature Plants, 2022, 8(12):1343-1351.
[6] HAJAM A H, ALI M S, SINGH S K, et al.Understanding cytokinin:Biosynthesis, signal transduction, growth regulation, and phytohormonal crosstalk under heavy metal stress[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2024, 228:106025.
[7] MILLER C O, SKOOG F, VON SALTZA M H, et al.Kinetin, a cell division factor from deoxyribonucleic acid[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1955, 77(5):1392.
[8] ZHAO Y, CHAN Z L, GAO J H, et al.ABA receptor PYL9 promotes drought resistance and leaf senescence[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016, 113(7):1949-1954.
[9] SHANI E, HEDDEN P, SUN T P.Highlights in gibberellin research:A tale of the dwarf and the slender[J].Plant Physiology, 2024, 195(1):111-134.
[10] 郭丽英, 莫洁欣, 李冰虹, 等.乙烯利在果蔬上的应用研究进展[J].南方农业, 2024,18(17):81-85.
GUO L Y, MO J X, LI B H, et al.Research progress on the application of ethephon in fruits and vegetables[J].South China Agriculture, 2024, 18(17):81-85.
[11] ZEBOSI B, VOLLBRECHT E, BEST N B.Brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling:Conserved and diversified functions of core genes across multiple plant species[J].Plant Communications, 2024, 5(9):100 982-100982.
[12] YANG Y Z, CHU C C, QIAN Q, et al.Leveraging brassinosteroids towards the next green revolution[J].Trends in Plant Science, 2024, 29(1):86-98.
[13] COOK C E, WHICHARD L P, TURNER B, et al.Germination of witchweed (Striga lutea Lour.):Isolation and properties of a potent stimulant[J].Science, 1966, 154(3753):1189-1190.
[14] 张志霞, 包小琴, 牛敏, 等.独角金内酯的研究进展及其在果树中的应用展望[J].农村经济与科技, 2024,35(5):18-21.
ZHANG Z X, BAO X Q, NIU M, et al.Research progress of unicornolide and its application prospect in fruit trees[J].Rural Economy and Science-Technology, 2024, 35(5):18-21.
[15] 严婷婷, 李二莉, 王满青, 等.生长素抑制剂对荔枝开花坐果的调控效应研究[J].果树学报, 2025,42(1):162-169.
YAN T T, LI E L, WANG M Q, et al.Regulatory effect of auxin inhibitors on flowering and fruit setting in litchi[J].Journal of Fruit Science, 2025, 42(1):162-169.
[16] 朱学慧, 谢辉, 韩守安, 等.两种植物生长调节剂对无核白鸡心葡萄果实品质的影响[J].浙江农业学报, 2024,36(6):1309-1319.
ZHU X H, XIE H, HAN S A, et al.Effect of two plant growth regulators on the fruit quality of ‘Centennial Seedless’ grapes[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(6):1309-1319.
[17] 解鑫. 氯吡脲对猕猴桃果实发育期及贮藏期营养物质变化的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2023.
XIE X.The impact of forchlorfenuron on nutrient changes during the development and storage of kiwifruit[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2023.
[18] 李钊阳, SHAUKAT ALI, 唐良德, 等.0.2%噻苯隆可溶液剂对金桔产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2021,37(16):33-36.
LI Z Y, ALI S, TANG L D, et al.Effects of thidiazuron 0.2% soluble liquid on yield and quality of kumquat tree[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(16):33-36.
[19] 金龙飞, 尹欣幸, 刘烽,等.植物生长调节剂在柑橘生产中的应用研究进展[J].浙江柑橘, 2023,40(4):5-10.
JIN L F, YIN X X, LIU F, et al.Research progress on application of plant growth regulators in citrus production[J].Zhejiang Canju, 2023, 40(4):5-10.
[20] 罗俊霞, 赵建波, 申战宾,等.植物生长调节剂和除草剂在葡萄上的登记应用现状分析[J].生物灾害科学, 2024,47(2):274-283.
LUO J X, ZHAO J B, SHEN Z B, et al.An analysis of the registration and application status of plant growth regulators and herbicides on grapes[J].Biological of Disaster Science, 2024, 47(2):274-283.
[21] 陈鹏飞, 刘春燕, 张卓尔, 等.6-苄氨基嘌呤和赤霉素对‘户太八号’葡萄果实品质的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报, 2023,46(4):289-294.
CHEN P F, LIU C Y, ZHANG Z E, et al.Effects of 6-benzylaminopurine and gibberellin acid on fruit quality of ‘hutai No.8’ grapevine[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2023, 46(4):289-294.
[22] DESTA B, AMARE G.Paclobutrazol as a plant growth regulator[J].Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 2021, 8(1):1.
[23] 崔媛媛. 植物生长调节剂对香蕉后熟过程中挥发性物质的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2022.
CUI Y Y.Effects of Plant growth regulators on volatile compounds during the ripening process of banana[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University, 2022.
[24] PARK D S, AL SHOFFE Y, ALGUL B E, et al.Preharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene and 1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine affects watercore severity and volatile profiles of ‘Fuji’ apples stored in air and controlled atmospheres[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2024, 211:112840.
[25] 韩春红. 套袋和喷施外源物(MeJA、PDJ)对红皮梨果实品质的影响[D].洛阳:河南科技大学,2022.
HAN C H.Effects of bagging and spraying exogenous substances (meja, pdj) on fruit quality of red-skinned pears[D].Luoyang:Henan University of Science and Technology, 2022.
[26] CHENG A, ZHAO P F, WANG X, et al.Relationships between melatonin and salicylic acid treatments in delaying the senescence of postharvest pear fruit[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2025, 219:113288.
[27] LI M Y, YANG M, LIU X Y, et al.Pre-harvest application of strigolactone (GR24) accelerates strawberry ripening and improves fruit quality[J].Agronomy, 2023, 13(11):2699
[28] 陈黎明, 李少卡, 白蓓蓓, 等.不同浓度噻苯隆对芒果果实品质和有机酸组分的影响[J].中国果树, 2024(5):82-88.
CHEN L M, LI S K, BAI B B, et al.Effects of different concentrations of thidiazuron on the quality and organic acid composition of mango fruit[J].China Fruit, 2024(5):82-88.
[29] 郑直. CPPU、TDZ及不同套袋方式处理对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄果实生长发育的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2021.
ZHENG Z.Effects of CPPU, TDZ, and different bagging methods on the fruit growth and development of ‘shine muscat’ grapes [D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University, 2021.
[30] 陈利娜, 牛娟, 刘贝贝, 等.不同花期喷施植物生长调节剂对石榴坐果及果实品质的影响[J].果树学报, 2020,37(2):244-253.
CHEN L N, NIU J, LIU B B, et al.Effects of foliar application of plant growth regulators at different flowering stages on fruit setting and fruit quality in pomegranate[J].Journal of Fruit Science, 2020, 37(2):244-253.
[31] NESMITH D S, ADAIR H M.Rabbiteye blueberry field trials with the growth regulator CPPU[J].Small Fruits Review, 2004, 3(1-2):183-191.
[32] 王宇航, 雷蕾, 孙海悦, 等.赤霉素与氯吡苯脲对越橘果实品质影响的分析及评价[J].北方园艺, 2019(13):44-52.
WANG Y H, LEI L, SUN H Y, et al.Analysis and evaluation of the effect of GA3 and CPPU on the fruit quality of bluebeny[J].Northern Horticulture, 2019(13):44-52.
[33] LI L, YAN W J, YAO H D, et al.Influences of two plant growth regulators on the fruit quality of the ‘crimson seedless’ grapes[J].Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2023, 42(2):771-779.
[34] 李为福, 黄兰淇, 宋韵琼, 等.不同植物生长调节剂及其组合对‘徐香’猕猴桃果实品质的影响[J].南方园艺, 2021,32(5):14-17.
LI W F, HUANG L Q, SONG Y Q, et al.Effects of different plant growth regulators and their combinations on fruit quality of ‘Xuxiang’ kiwifruit[J].Southern Horticulture, 2021, 32(5):14-17.
[35] 王铤, 黄科文, 陈胜雯, 等.胺鲜酯对桃果实品质的影响[J].北方园艺, 2023(18):35-42.
WANG T, HUANG K W, CHEN S W, et al.Effects of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) on fruit quality of peach[J].Northern Horticulture, 2023(18):35-42.
[36] 马文尧. 叶面喷施油菜素内酯及硝钠.胺鲜酯对草莓生长发育的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2022.
MA W Y.The influence of foliar spraying with brassinolide and sodium nitrate-daminozide on the growth and development of strawberry[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University, 2022
[37] TORRES E, CAIMEL D, ASÍN L.Responses of ethylene emission, abscission, and fruit quality to the application of ACC as a chemical thinner in ‘flatbeauti’ peach[J].Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2024, 43(11):4171-4184.
[38] 杨琴, 俞露, 赵芷, 等.植物生长调节剂对百香果的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2021,37(19):58-64.
YANG Q, YU L, ZHAO Z, et al.Effects of plant growth regulators on Passiflora edulia[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(19):58-64.
[39] 王欢欢, 王晶晶, 陈奇凌.植物生长调节剂对灰枣产量及果实品质的影响[J].中国果树, 2024(8):63-68.
WANG H H, WANG J J, CHEN Q L.Effects of plant growth regulators on yield and fruit quality of ‘Huizao’ jujube[J].China Fruits, 2024(8):63-68.
[40] 张慧, 刘世彪, 唐元桂, 等.不同植物生长调节剂对猕猴桃单果重及营养成分的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2015,41(4):385-390.
ZHANG H, LIU S B, TANG Y G, et al.Effects of different plant growth regulators on fruit weights and nutritional components of kiwifruit[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2015, 41(4):385-390.
[41] YAMAGA I, TONOOKA C, EMOTO Y.A comprehensive analysis of gibberellic acid and prohydrojasmon treatments for mitigating rind puffing and rind disorder of early-maturing cultivar of Satsuma mandarin[J].Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 2024, 65(4):627-636.
[42] 苏宇霞, 余丽萍, 刘厚基, 等.植物生长调节剂对设施无花果生长及果实品质的影响[J].经济林研究, 2024,42(1):284-293.
SU Y X, YU L P, LIU H J, et al.Effects of plant growth regulators on growth and fruit quality of facility figs[J].Non-wood Forest Research, 2024, 42(1):284-293.
[43] 王颖. 外源赤霉素对葡萄果实品质及果皮花色苷代谢的影响[D].晋中:山西农业大学,2023.
WANG Y.Effects of exogenous gibberellic acid on grape fruit quality and anthocyanin metabolism in fruit skin[D].Jinzhong:Shanxi Agricultural University, 2023.
[44] 郑欣欣, 颜朦朦, 陈子雷, 等.生长期施用GA4+7对黄冠梨贮藏过程中挥发性有机化合物的变化影响[J].齐鲁工业大学学报, 2024,38(1):19-29.
ZHENG X X, YAN M M, CHEN Z L, et al.Effects of GA4+7 applied during the growth period on the changes of volatile organic compounds in Huangguan pear during storage[J].Journal of Qilu University of Technology, 2024, 38(1):19-29.
[45] WANG X X, HAO W D.Reproductive and developmental toxicity of plant growth regulators in humans and animals[J].Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2023, 196:105640.
[46] 王丽荣,贾文君,陈明敏,等.高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定芒果多种植物生长调节剂含量[J].植物生理学报, 2022,58(5):981-988.
WANG L R, JIA W J, CHEN M M, et al.Determination of contents of several plant growth regulators in mango by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)[J].Plant Physiology Journal, 2022, 58(5):981-988.
[47] 何欣,陈健,李勇,等.八种植物生长调节剂在桃果实上的残留及膳食摄入风险评估[J].江苏农业学报, 2024,40(10):1962-1969.
HE X, CHEN J, LI Y, et al.Residues and dietary intake risk assessment of eight plant growth regulators in peach fruits[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 40(10):1962-1969.
[48] XU S Z, SUN M Y, YAO J L, et al.Auxin inhibits lignin and cellulose biosynthesis in stone cells of pear fruit via the PbrARF13-PbrNSC-PbrMYB132 transcriptional regulatory cascade[J].Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2023, 21(7):1408-1425.
[49] XU X, ZHANG QD, GAO X L, et al.Auxin and abscisic acid antagonistically regulate ascorbic acid production via the SlMAPK8-SlARF4-SlMYB11 module in tomato[J].The Plant Cell, 2022, 34(11):4409-4427.
[50] WANG M Y, JIANG N Y, XU Y C, et al.CmBr confers fruit bitterness under CPPU treatment in melon[J].Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2024, 22(10):2724-2737.
[51] ZHENG T, ZHAO P C, XIANG J, et al.Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the effects of forchlorfenuron and thidiazuron on flavonoid biosynthesis in table grape skins[J].Current Plant Biology, 2024, 40:100417.
[52] ZHANG Y Q, BERMAN A, SHANI E.Plant hormone transport and localization:Signaling molecules on the move[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2023, 74:453-479.
[53] CHEN K, LI G J, BRESSAN R A, et al.Abscisic acid dynamics, signaling, and functions in plants[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2020, 62(1):25-54.
[54] IKEGAMI K, OKAMOTO M, SEO M, et al.Activation of abscisic acid biosynthesis in the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to water deficit[J].Journal of Plant Research, 2009, 122(2):235-243.
[55] SUN Q, HE Z C, WEI R R, et al.The transcriptional regulatory module CsHB5-CsbZIP44 positively regulates abscisic acid-mediated carotenoid biosynthesis in citrus (Citrus spp.)[J].Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2024, 22(3):722-737.
[56] SUN Q, HE Z C, FENG D, et al.The abscisic acid-responsive transcriptional regulatory module CsERF110-CsERF53 orchestrates citrus fruit coloration[J].Plant Communications, 2024, 5(11):101065.
[57] CHEN X X, GAO J H, SHEN Y Y.Abscisic acid controls sugar accumulation essential to strawberry fruit ripening via the FaRIPK1-FaTCP7-FaSTP13/FaSPT module[J].The Plant Journal, 2024, 119(3):1400-1417.
[58] BINENBAUM J, WULFF N, CAMUT L, et al.Gibberellin and abscisic acid transporters facilitate endodermal suberin formation in Arabidopsis[J].Nature Plants, 2023, 9(5):785-802.
[59] DONG Y J, WU Y X, ZHANG Z X, et al.Transcriptomic analysis reveals GA3 is involved in regulating flavonoid metabolism in grape development for facility cultivation[J].Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2023,298(4):845-855.
[60] LI H, WU H, QI Q, et al.Gibberellins play a role in regulating tomato fruit ripening[J].Plant and Cell Physiology, 2019, 60(7):1619-1629.
[61] WU M B, LIU K D, LI H H, et al.Gibberellins involved in fruit ripening and softening by mediating multiple hormonal signals in tomato[J].Horticulture Research, 2023, 11(2):uhad275.
[62] OPIO P, JITAREERAT P, PONGPRASERT N, et al.Efficacy of hot water immersion on lime (Citrus auranifolia, Swingle cv.Paan) fruit packed with ethanol vapor in delaying chlorophyll catabolism[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2017, 224:258-264.
[63] WEI Y, LIU Z, LYU T X, et al.Ethylene enhances MdMAPK3-mediated phosphorylation of MdNAC72 to promote apple fruit softening[J].The Plant Cell, 2023, 35(8):2887-2909.
[64] AN J P, WANG X F, LI Y Y, et al.EIN3-LIKE1, MYB1, and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR3 act in a regulatory loop that synergistically modulates ethylene biosynthesis and anthocyanin accumulation[J].Plant Physiology, 2018, 178(2):808-823.
[65] YANG X T, SONG J, DU L N, et al.Ethylene and 1-MCP regulate major volatile biosynthetic pathways in apple fruit[J].Food Chemistry, 2016, 194:325-336.
[66] YING W, WANG Y W, WEI H, et al.Structure and function of the Arabidopsis ABC transporter ABCB19 in brassinosteroid export[J].Science, 2024, 383(6689):eadj4591.
[67] WANG Y W, PEREZ-SANCHO J, PLATRE M P, et al.Plasmodesmata mediate cell-to-cell transport of brassinosteroid hormones[J].Nature Chemical Biology, 2023, 19(11):1331-1341.
[68] MENG F L,LIU H R, HU S S, et al.The brassinosteroid signaling component SlBZR1 promotes tomato fruit ripening and carotenoid accumulation[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2023, 65(7):1 794-1 813.
[69] WANG Y C, MAO Z L, JIANG H Y, et al.Brassinolide inhibits flavonoid biosynthesis and red-flesh coloration via the MdBEH2.2-MdMYB60 complex in apple[J].Journal of Experimental Botany, 2021, 72(18):6382-6399.
[70] XU F, GAO X, XI Z M, et al.Application of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide enhances proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ berry skin[J].Plant Growth Regulation, 2015, 75(3):741-750.
[71] 贺琰, 孙艳丽, 赵芳芳, 等.外源油菜素内酯处理对‘美乐’葡萄果实糖代谢的影响[J].园艺学报, 2022,49(1):117-128.
HE Y, SUN Y L, ZHAO F F, et al.Effect of exogenous brassinolides treatment on sugar metabolism of merlot grape berries[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(1):117-128.
[72] WANG S, LI L X, FANG Y, et al.MdERF1B-MdMYC2 module integrates ethylene and jasmonic acid to regulate the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in apple[J].Horticulture Research, 2022, 9:uhac142.
[73] LI S H, DONG Y X, LI D L, et al.Eggplant transcription factor SmMYB5 integrates jasmonate and light signaling during anthocyanin biosynthesis[J].Plant Physiology, 2024, 194(2):1139-1165.
[74] HAN Y L, CHEN C, YAN Z M, et al.The methyl jasmonate accelerates the strawberry fruits ripening process[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2019, 249:250-256.
[75] WU X, CHEN Y Y, WANG X H, et al.New insights into aroma regulation in pear peel and flesh under methyl jasmonate treatment obtained by metabolite and whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing analyses[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2023, 201:112347.
[76] YANG C, DUAN W Y, XIE K L, et al.Effect of salicylic acid treatment on sensory quality, flavor-related chemicals and gene expression in peach fruit after cold storage[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2020, 16(1):1111089.
[77] YUAN R M, MAO L L, MIN T, et al.Salicylic acid treatment inhibits ethylene synthesis and starch-sugar conversion to maintain apple fruit quality during shelf life[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2023, 308:111586.
[78] MASHIGUCHI K, SETO Y, YAMAGUCHI S.Strigolactone biosynthesis, transport and perception[J].The Plant Journal, 2021, 105(2):335-350.
[79] GE Q, ZHANG Y, WU J R, et al.Exogenous strigolactone alleviates post-waterlogging stress in grapevine[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2024, 216:109124.
[80] AN J P, ZHAO L, CAO Y P, et al.The SMXL8-AGL9 module mediates crosstalk between strigolactone and gibberellin to regulate strigolactone-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple[J].The Plant Cell, 2024, 36(10):4404-4425.
Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉

Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd,.