Sugar-acid metabolism critically influences grape berry quality, with trace elements serving as key modulators of this process. In this study, ‘Marselan’ grapevines were foliar-sprayed with a trace element mixture (Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B) from flowering to veraison. The experiment included a water control group (CK) and treatment group with mixtures of trace elements at three concentrations. We measured sugar and acid components, trace element content, key metabolic enzyme activities, and the expression of acid metabolism-related genes at different growth stages in grape. These analyses aimed to evaluate the influence of trace elements on grape quality. Foliar application of trace elements significantly increased the contents of total soluble sugar (TSS), glucose (Glu), sucrose (Suc), and fructose (Fru) in grape. The treatments also enhanced the activities of sucrose synthase synthetic direction (SS-ss) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). Concurrently, the concentrations of tartaric acid (TA), malic acid (MA), oxalic acid (OA), and citric acid (CA) decreased. The activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) and citrate synthase (CS) were elevated. In contrast. The activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-malic dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-IDH), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), cytoplasmic aconitase (Cyt-ACO), and mitochondrial aconitase (Mit-ACO) were inhibited. Furthermore, zinc accumulation was promoted in the berries. The expression of the phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase gene was significantly up-regulated. In summary, the T1 treatment (0.025 g/L Mn, 0.04 g/L Zn, 0.016 g/L Cu, 0.025 g/L Mo, 0.075 g/L B) was the most effective. Foliar application of trace elements can regulate the activity of key enzymes and gene expression, effectively promoting sugar accumulation and acid metabolism, thereby improving fruit quality.
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