Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common complication.This study aimed to explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KSFY01 on AAD and to preliminarily investigate its mechanism by establishing a mice AAD model induced by ampicillin, vancomycin, neomycin, and clindamycin.Model mice received KSFY01 gavage intervention, with a (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus) (LB group) as control.The research was conducted by detecting general signs, immune organ indices, fecal scores, serum inflammatory factor levels, colonic histopathological changes, and intestinal barrier function indicators of mice, and combining with intestinal flora analysis.Results showed that KSFY01 improved general signs of mice, inhibited antibiotic-induced increase in spleen index and decrease in thymus index, alleviated diarrhea, and reduced fecal score and water content.It lowered serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6, increased IL-10 levels, with an anti-inflammatory effect superior to the LB group.It reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in colonic tissue, inhibited the decrease of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein expression, and lowered intestinal permeability, with a stronger effect than the LB group.It significantly improved antibiotic-induced intestinal flora dysbiosis, regulated flora structure at phylum and genus levels, reduced the relative abundance of harmful bacteria, and its effect was better than the LB group.Species difference analysis indicated that KSFY01 adjusted flora differences, restored normal flora structure, and the dominant species mostly belonged to Firmicutes, similar to the normal group.In conclusion, L.plantarum KSFY01 had good preventive and therapeutic effects on AAD, providing a new potential probiotic option for the prevention and treatment of AAD.
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