Food and Fermentation Industries >

2026 , Vol. 52 >Issue 15: 63 - 71

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.044812

Structural characterization and in vitro immunomodulatory activity of raspberry-derived oligosaccharide ERP-1

  • CHE Guangxue ,
  • YANG Yongjing ,
  • HAN Le ,
  • JI Yiming
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  • 1(College of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China)
    2(College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China)

Received date: 2025-10-21

  Revised date: 2025-12-21

  Online published: 2026-08-20

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Abstract

In this study, an oligosaccharide named ERP-1 was isolated from raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruits.Its chemical structure was elucidated, and in vitro immunomodulatory activity was evaluated.Crude polysaccharides were extracted from raspberry fruits using a multi-enzyme method and further purified by DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography to obtain the purified fraction ERP-1.The molecular weight, degree of polymerization (DP), functional groups, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic linkages of ERP-1 were characterized by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass (UPLC-MS/MS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ion chromatography (IC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).In vitro immunomodulatory activity was evaluated using murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells.The results showed that ERP-1 had a molecular weight of 569 Da and a Dp ranging from 3 to 7.It was composed of glucose (Glc), fructose (Fru), and mannose (Man) at a molar ratio of 0.582∶0.371∶0.048.Five types of glycosidic linkages were identified, among which →4)-Glcp-(1→ was the most abundant.Notably, ERP-1 significantly reduced the secretion and mRNA expression of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Conversely, it also enhanced the production and mRNA expression of these cytokines in non-LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.These findings could indicate that ERP-1 is an oligosaccharide with immunomodulatory activity in vitro and holds promising potential for applications in functional foods and pharmaceutical products.

Key words： raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.); oligosaccharides; structural characterization; in vitro bidirectional immune activity regulation

Cite this article

CHE Guangxue , YANG Yongjing , HAN Le , JI Yiming . Structural characterization and in vitro immunomodulatory activity of raspberry-derived oligosaccharide ERP-1[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2026 , 52(15) : 63 -71 . DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.044812

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