As a category of insecticides,organophosphorus pesticides are used widely.They exist in food with different degrees and threaten the health of human greatly.This paper explains the structure and properties of organophosphorus pesticides hapten,the preparation of specific antibody,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)which detected single-residue or multi-residue of organophosphorus pesticides,fluorescence polarization immunoassay(FPIA)and dipstick immunoassay(DIP).The application of four immunoassays in organophosphorus pesticides residue determination was also summarized.Finally,the prospects for the development and research field are also discussed.