Straw is an agricultural residue that is plenty in quantity and can be a raw material for bioethanol production.Bioconversion of straw to fuel ethanol is becoming a viable avenue to alleviate the energy crisis around the world without jeopardizing food source for the human race.This work introduces related research and reviews at home and abroad on bioethanol production using straw.The crucial problems of bioconversion were analyzed which includes the pretreatment method of straw material,enzymatic hydrolysis of straw by cellulase,screening and construction of strain and choosing of fermentation process.To optimize the entire process and enhance productivity,it is important to treat the above mentioned issues as an interrelated whole.Based on the understandings,the suggestion is that,while the cellulosic ethanol technology is in the development phase,converting fermentable sugar in straw directly to fuel ethanol can be considered a feasible way.