The Tilapia visceras,which is one type of wastes produced during the processing,cannot be handled properly or use efficiently.In this study,the process of liquid fermentation was used and total plate count was taken as the detection index to screen one strain that can utilize Tilapia viscera to grow well from three Lactobacillus strains and its corresponding nutrition recipe.And then,the fermentation conditions were optimized with single-factor and orthogonal tests.The results show that Lactobacillus fermentum is the best strain.The optimal condition of fermentation is as the followings:8h standing fermentation at 30℃,5% inoculum size;and the optimal nutrition recipe contains 0.2%K2PO4·3H2O,0.5%CH3COONa,2.0%glucose and 3.3% visceras.The total plate count can reach over 109 CFU/mL at the optimal condition.