Natural macromolecule polymers are diverse,abundant,and important for life,exhibit fascinating structural properties and are of increasing importance for various applications in industrial fields.The technology for natural macromolecule polymers production by biosynthesis method is often characterized with abundant feedstock on a mild reaction condition and can be readily applied in industrial scale.Polyhydroxyalkanoates illustrated can be synthesized by microbiology directly.In this review,the current knowledge on the high-producing strains,biosynthesis pathway,the optimization strategies of the fermentation process,recovery,perspectives of this natural macromolecule polymers and applications are summarized.