In order to explore the mechanism of syringaldehyde in sugarcane molasses on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, 250 g/L sucrose was used to simulate the fermentable sugar in sugarcane molasses for fermentation. The effects of different concentrations of syringaldehyde (0, 0.5, 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2 g/L) on the growth of S. cerevisiae were investigated by shaking flask fermentation. Moreover, the effects of 1.4 g/L syringaldehyde on the growth and ethanol production of S. cerevisiae were studied, and the morphologic change of cells and functional groups of cell membrane components such as lipids, proteins and polysaccharides under syringaldehyde stress were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The change of cell membrane permeability was explored by the leakage of intracellular nucleic acids and proteins, and the oxidative damage of cells was assayed according to the content of cell oxidation products malondialdehyde. The results indicated that the inhibitory degree of the growth of S. cerevisiae was gradually increased with the increase of syringaldehyde concentration. 1.4 g/L syringaldehyde inhibited the growth and metabolism of S. cerevisiae, and decreased the concentration of ethanol and fermentation efficiency by 18.65% and 17.64%, respectively. Furthermore, cavity and intercellular adhesion were clearly observed according to SEM, and the fatty acid, polysaccharide and some groups of protein in cell membrane were changed, indicating that the cell wall and cell membrane were damaged. Compared with the control, the leakage of intracellular nucleic acids and proteins increased by 56.39% and 58.29%, respectively, and the content of intracellular malondialdehyde significantly increased by 75.79%. In summary, the above results indicated that syringaldehyde could damage or even kill the cells by destroying the integrity of cell membrane, resulting in slower growth rate and metabolism of sugar and ethanol. This paper could provide a research basis for revealing the toxic mechanism of syringaldehyde on S. cerevisiae cells and realizing high-concentration ethanol fermentation production of sugarcane molasses.
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