Microcrystalline cellulose was used as raw material to prepare dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals (DACNC) through sulfuric acid hydrolysis and sodium periodate oxidation, then the structure of DACNC was characterized. Subsequently, DACNC and gelatin were further used as the synergistic emulsifier to stabilize Pickering emulsions. The effects of gelatin/DACNC addition sequence, DACNC concentration, and external environmental conditions (i.e. temperature, pH, and ionic strength) on the properties and stability of the emulsions were investigated. Results showed that after sodium periodate oxidation, the length of DACNC became shorter, the thermal stability increased, and the Zeta potential changed less. It could be better when DACNC and gelatin were pre-mixed and then added to the oil phase to prepare the emulsion. At the same time, as the concentration of DACNC increased, the droplet size, viscosity and modulus of the emulsions gradually increased. The enhancement of emulsion stability was mainly due to the Schiff base reaction between the amino groups of gelatins and the aldehyde groups of DACNC. Notably, the enhancement of the continuous phase network of the emulsion induced by DACNC was also conducive to the stability of emulsions. The results of emulsion environmental stabilities showed that the gelatin/DACNC synergistic approach solved the problem of poor stability of emulsions stabilized by pure gelatin or CNC alone at low ionic strength, low pH, and higher temperature. The current research develops a novel approach to using DACNC and gelatin as synergistic Pickering stabilizers to improve the properties of emulsions, which provides a reference for nanocellulose and protein particles to synergistically stabilize Pickering emulsions.
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