In order to discover the metabolic pathway of ellagic acid (EA) in human gut microbiota of urolithin metabotype A (UM-A), the metabolites of EA were identified and quantified by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) via intestinal bacteria incubation model. Moreover, the effects of EA on the composition and metabolic pathway of human gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that urolithin M6, urolithin C, urolithin A were the main metabolites of EA after incubated with UM-A human gut microbiota in vitro. The generation rate of urolithin M6, urolithin C and urolithin A was 18.36%, 1.25%, and 43.45% at 24 h, respectively. At the period of 72 h incubation, the total generation rate of urolithin A was 52.09%. Compared with the control group, EA significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria at phylum level. In addition, the relative abundance of Coprococcus, Anaerostipes, Ruminococcus, Lachnospira, and Eggerthella significantly increased at genus level. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis suggested that EA group showed increased enrichment in pathways such as lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, adipocytokine signaling pathway, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, whereas it showed decreased enrichment in pathways such as RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway and electron transfer carriers. This study provides basic data for the determination of the material basis and gut microbiota regulation of EA′s health effects on UM-A population.
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