Resistant dextrin (RD) could regulate gut health, while less research on its effects on ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of RD on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute UC mice. Male 7-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups, including the control group (drinking sterile water, 10 mL/kg normal saline oral gavage), the DSS group (drinking 3% DSS, 10 mL/kg normal saline oral gavage) and DSS-RD group (drinking 3% DSS, 3.25 g/kg RD oral gavage) for seven days, and recorded the body weight and disease activity index (DAI) score, detected the pathological damage of the colon tissue, serum inflammatory cytokines, colonic mucin2 (MUC2) and tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota changes. Results showed that compared with the DSS group, resistant dextrin could significantly reverse the weight loss, DAI scores elevation, colon shortening, spleen enlargement, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration elevation, and colonic tissue inflammatory infiltration in colitis mice (P<0.05), and could partially restore the intestinal barrier integrity. Resistant dextrin decreased the abundance of Turicibacter, Oscillospira, and Akkermansia in acute colitis mice, and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus. Resistant dextrin could improve the symptoms of acute colitis mice, reduce the level of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, and protect the intestinal mucosal barrier. The underlying mechanism may be related to regulating intestinal microbes, promoting the proliferation of probiotics and inhibiting the overgrowth of conditioned pathogens and harmful bacteria.
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