To explore the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of the fruit senescence, the physiological change, S-nitrosylation level, and antioxidant system-related assays of postharvest cantaloupe were analyzed. The cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. cv. ‘Xizhoumi 17’) was taken as the material and the influences of NO fumigation on glutathione-ascorbate cycle were studied from the viewpoint of the S-nitrosylation change level. The NO fumigation could maintain the storage quality of cantaloupe and reduce the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). During the storage period of 96 h, the contents of endogenous NO and S-nitrosothiol (SNO) were promptly increased and the activity of S-nitrosylation glutathione reductase (GSNOR) was reduced by NO. During the storage period of 37 days, the ratios of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid (AsA/DHA), as well as reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in the NO group were higher than those in the control group. The enzyme activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), mondehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), mondehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group during the whole storage period. Results indicated that NO fumigation enhanced the S-nitrosylation, activated the key enzyme activities in the AsA-GSH cycle, and further improved the efficiency of eliminating H2O2 and relieved lipid peroxidation. These findings possibly were the mechanisms of NO in the regulation of the AsA-GSH cycle and contributed to the improvement of the postharvest cantaloupe quality.
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