Ginseng is a traditional food-medicine homologous resource in China, yet its potential side effects, such as inducing vomiting, necessitate the removal of rhizome during processing.This leads to the significant waste of ginseng saponin-rich parts, highlighting the need for research aimed at reducing waste and enhancing the comprehensive utilization of ginseng.This study established a ginseng saponin detection method system based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography, validating the accuracy and reliability of the method through testing 13 ginseng saponin monomers.Utilizing biotransformation, the strain Bacillus subtilis LM 4-2 was identified from six candidate strains as producing the highest yield of ginsenoside Rd, presumed to be transformed from Rc via a hydrolysis pathway.Further experimentation, through single-factor and response surface methodology design, determined the optimal fermentation conditions for strain LM 4-2, i.e.fermentation time of 20 days, temperature of 30 ℃, solid to liquid ratio of 1∶4.3(g∶mL), and inoculum size of 7.5%, under which the yield of Rd reached (6.375±0.006) mg/g.Additionally, this research assessed the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of fermented ginseng saponin-rich parts extracts.Antioxidant tests revealed that the DPPH radical scavenging rate increased with the extract concentration, reaching 82.55% at 50 mg/mL.Antibacterial assays demonstrated that the extract inhibited the growth of tested strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.0, 0.75, and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively.These findings provide a reference for the biotransformation of ginseng saponin-rich parts into ginsenoside Rd via fermentation with strain LM 4-2, thereby enhancing the application value of these parts.
YOU Xiaoyan
,
LI Yachun
,
BU Qingyun
,
REN Guangyue
. Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rd by fermentation of ginseng rhizome by Bacillus subtilis LM 4-2[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2024
, 50(11)
: 38
-46
.
DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.038539
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