Spores exit a quiescent state and start mitotic growth when they encounter sufficient nutrients.This process is called germination.In Saccharomyces cerevisiae spores, there is a negative regulatory mechanism which inhibits germination.A glycolytic product 3-glyceraldehyde phosphate (GAP) is known to be involved in the negative regulatory mechanism and spore germination is inhibited in the presence of GAP.However, the entire process of the regulatory mechanism remains elusive.The objectives of this study were to find the effects of GAP on germinating spores and to gain insight into the mechanism of the negative regulatory mechanism.In particular, the role of glyceraldehyde triphosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which was a glycolytic enzyme using GAP as a substrate, in the regulatory mechanism was analysed.Yeast spore germination was induced by various conditions including nutrient-rich media and by heat-treatment.Germination efficiency can be assayed by calcofluor whit staining.Expression levels of GAPDH was investigated when germination was induced in the presence or absence of GAP.In yeast, there are three structural genes of GAPDH, TDH1, TDH2, and TDH3.These genes were disrupted and germination efficiencies of these mutants were analysed.Expression levels of GAPDH were significantly reduced when germination was induced either by nutrients or heat.However, GAPDH levels were increased by the addition of GAP even if spores were incubated in nutrient-rich media.Since levels of GAPDH mRNAs were not decreased, GAPDH proteins were likely degraded during germination.Germination efficiencies were increased when these genes, especially, TDH2 and TDH3, were deleted.GAPDH is known as a multifunction protein and regulates various processes.Results suggest that GAPDH is involved in the negative regulatory mechanism, possibly as a downstream regulator of GAP.
CHENG Zhuo
,
LIU Guoyu
,
NAKANISHI Hideki
. Analysis of inhibitory effect of 3-glyceraldehyde phosphate in yeast spore germination[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2025
, 51(4)
: 42
-48
.
DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.039191
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