This study was conducted to isolate and identify Monascus strains from various red yeast products and investigate its antimicrobial effects, and to characterize potential antimicrobial active substance employing metabolomics analysis. Five Monascus strains were isolated from red yeast rice/meal, among which strain H3-1 demonstrated obvious inhibitory effects against Aspergillus niger but showed no antibacterial activity against bacterial species.The strain was identified as Monascus purpureus by morphological and molecular analysis.Subsequent extraction of fermentation products using ethyl acetate and methanol revealed that only the ethyl acetate extract exhibited antifungal activity against A.niger.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the crude metabolite extract were 0.625 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively.Metabolomic analysis identified 6 728 differential metabolites from the two extracts, with 1 935 upregulated and 4 793 downregulated compounds.Among them, the most abundant categories were amino acids/derivatives and benzene-related metabolites, occupying 20% and 17%, respectively.Notably, amino acids and derivatives accounted for 30% of the 30 most significantly upregulated metabolites.These findings suggested that derivatives and benzene-related metabolites may serve as the primary bioactive components responsible for the antimicrobial activity of H3-1.The results provide a scientific foundation for the development and utilization of Monascus-derived bioactive compounds.
[1] 李志强, 刘颖, 林风, 等.福建古田红曲生产用红曲霉菌主要种类的鉴别[J].食品与发酵工业, 2017, 43(5):64-69.
LI Z Q, LIU Y, LIN F, et al.Identification of major Monascus sp.involved in industrial production of Gutian Hongqu[J].Food and Fermentation Industry, 2017, 43(5):64-69.
[2] 潘荣华, 方章昀, 唐心怡, 等.红曲霉二次代谢产物及其药理作用的研究进展[J].华西药学杂志, 2023, 38(3):345-351.
PAN R H, FANG Z Y, TANG X Y, et al.Research progress on secondary metabolites of Monascus spp.and their pharmacological activities[J].West China Journal of Pharmacy,2023,38(3):345-351.
[3] ENDO A.Monacolin K, a new hypocholesterolemic agent produced by a Monascus species [J].The Journal of Antibiotics, 1979, 32(8):852-854.
[4] ALBERTS A W, CHEN J, KURON G, et al.Mevinolin:A highly potent competitive inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and a cholesterol-lowering agent[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1980, 77(7):3957-3961.
[5] DUPONT A G, LÉGAT L.GABA is a mediator of brain AT1 and AT2 receptor-mediated blood pressure responses[J].Hypertension Research, 2020, 43(10):995-1005.
[6] NOZAKI H , DATE S , KONDO H ,et al. Ankalactone, a new α, β -unsaturated γ -lactone from Monascus anka. Agricultural & Biological Chemistry, 1991, 55(3):899-900.
[7] 刘书渊, 陈骐, 杨晓暾, 等.红色红曲霉Mr-1的次级代谢产物生物活性成分分析[J].微生物学通报, 2021, 48(3):787-796.
LIU S Y, CHEN Q, YANG X T, et al.Bioactive components of secondary metabolites from Monascus ruber Mr-1[J].Microbiology Bulletin,2021, 48(3):787-796.
[8] CHULYOUNG K, HEEYONG J, OOK K Y, et al.Antimicrobial activities of amino acid derivatives of Monascus pigments[J].Fems Microbiology Letters, 2010, (1):11.
[9] MARTÍNKOVÁ L, J°ZLOVÁ P, VESELÝ D.Biological activity of polyketide pigments produced by the fungus Monascus[J].Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 1995,79(6):609-616.
[10] 张红林.福建古田红曲米天然产物的分离纯化、结构鉴定与活性研究[D].厦门:集美大学, 2018.
ZHANG H L.Purification, identification and activity study of natural product from gutian red yeast rice in fujian[D].Xiamen:Jimei University, 2018.
[11] 唐梓宁, 陈相池, 刘学武, 等.免疫抑制介导大鼠侵袭性黑曲霉菌肺病模型的构建与评价[J].中国比较医学杂志, 2024, 34(6):63-72.
TANG Z N, CHEN X C, LIU X W, et al.Construction and evaluation of an immunosuppression-mediated model of invasive Aspergillus niger lung disease in rats[J].Chinese Journal of Comparative Medicine, 2024, 34(6):63-72.
[12] 曹玮强. 黑曲霉产糖化酶发酵过程多组学分析及基于强化氨基酸合成途径的产酶代谢工程探索[D].上海:华东理工大学, 2020.
CAO W Q.Multi-omics integrative analysis of Aspergillus niger fermentation process for glucoamylase production and exploration on metabolic engineering of enzyme producation based on enhancing amino acid synthetic pathway[D].Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology, 2020.
[13] 孙晶. 黑曲霉基因缺失菌株的构建及其功能分析[D].黑龙江:东北农业大学, 2004.
SUN J.Construction and functional analysis of gene disruptant in Aspergillus niger[D].Heilongjiang:Northeast Agricultural University, 2004.
[14] 成宝琨. 整合组学分析的黑曲霉代谢控制论模型研究[D].上海:上海交通大学, 2015.
CHENG B K.A cybernetic model coupled with omics information for citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2015.
[15] 高倩. 锁掷酵母对苹果采后致腐黑曲霉的抑制作用及机制研究[D].长春:吉林大学, 2023.
GAO Q.Study on the inhibition effect and mechanism of Sporidiobolus pararoseus on rot-causing Aspergillus niger in postharvest[D].Changchun:Jilin University, 2023.
[16] 杨佳丽, 余挺, 余辰杨佳丽, 余挺, 余辰, 等. L-谷氨酸对梨果实青霉病的诱导抗性初探. 中国食品科学技术学会第十一届年会论文摘要集. 杭州:中国食品科学技术学会, 2014:314-315.
YANG J L, YU T, YU C, et al. Preliminary study of L-glutamic treatment induces resistance to Penicillium expansum in pear fruit. Abstracts of the 11th Annual Conference of the Chinese Society for Food Science and Technology. Hangzhou: Chinese Society of Food Science and Technology, 2014: 314-315.
[17] 贾淑红. 苯并咪(噻、噁)唑衍生物合成及抗菌活性研究[D].新乡:河南师范大学,2017.
JIA S H.Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of benzimidazole,benzimidazole and benzoxazole derivatives [D].Xinxiang:Henan Normal University,2017.
[18] 李凤清. 植物精油的抑菌评价及其应用[D].南京:南京师范大学, 2014.
LI F Q.Antibacterial evaluation and application of plant essential oil[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University, 2014.
[19] 姜楠. 丁香酚对炭黑曲霉及赭曲霉毒素A的抑制及葡萄品质提升[D].无锡:江南大学, 2024.
JIANG N.Inhibition of eugenol to Aspergillus carbonarius and ochratoxin A and improvement of grape quality[D].Wuxi:Jiangnan University, 2024.
[20] 王新伟, 杜会云, 宋玉函, 等.牛至油、香芹酚、柠檬醛和肉桂醛抗真菌研究[J].食品科技, 2011, 36(2):193-196;202.
WANG X W, DU H Y, SONG Y H, et al.Antimicrobial activity of oregano ossential oil, carvacrol, citral and cinnamaldehyde[J].Food Science and Technology, 2011, 36(2):193-196;202.
[21] 任雪艳, 祁建蕊, 孔庆军. 紫檀芪在抑制葡萄汁中炭黑曲霉生长及赭曲霉毒素A产生的应用: 中国,CN201811649476. 2022-03-18.
REN X Y, QI J R, KONG Q J. The application of pterostilbene in inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus carbonarius and the production of ochratoxin A in grape juice: China,CN201811649476. 2022-03-18.
[22] 张微微, 马莹, 袁媛, 等.阿魏酸对青贮主要有害微生物作用效果及机理研究[J].中国饲料, 2021(7):28-32.
ZHANG W W, MA Y, YUAN Y, et al.Effect and mechanism of ferulic acid on major microorganisms in silage[J].China Feed, 2021(7):28-32.
[23] 阿来·海拉希, 德丽达·木拉提别克, 迪丽努尔·马力克.阿魏中阿魏酸的提取方法及抑菌作用研究[J].当代化工, 2017, 46(12):2454-2459.
ALAI Hi,DELIDA M,DILINUER M.Study on extraction methods and antibacterial activity of ferulic acid from ferula asafoetida[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2017,46(12):2454-2459.
