Brassica rapa L.is a traditional high-altitude crop rich in bioactive compounds with anti-hypoxia and anti-fatigue properties.This study aimed to explore its protective effects against hypoxia-induced brain injury in male BALB/c mice following two weeks of Brassica rapa L.intervention and one week of hypobaric hypoxia exposure.HE and TUNEL staining assessed brain tissue damage and cell apoptosis.Commercial assay kits measured antioxidant and glycolytic enzyme activities.Transmission electron microscopy examined mitochondrial ultrastructure in the hippocampal CA1 region.Immunohistochemistry analyzed the expression of HIF-1α, Occludin, and ZO-1 proteins.Finally, 16S rRNA sequencing characterized changes in gut microbiota.The results showed that Brassica rapa L.alleviated brain tissue damage, inhibited cell apoptosis, enhanced antioxidant and glycolytic enzyme activities, preserved mitochondrial ultrastructure, and upregulated HIF-1α expression under hypobaric hypoxia.It also maintained intestinal barrier function and modulated gut microbiota composition and diversity by promoting beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Alistipes, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, and Anaeroplasm.Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between the relative abundance of Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Enterorhabdus, Eubacterium_xylanophilum, and Lactobacillus and brain protection indicators.In conclusion, Brassica rapa L.may exert anti-hypoxia effects by inhibiting cell apoptosis, alleviating oxidative stress, regulating energy metabolism, preserving mitochondrial function, enhancing hypoxia adaptation, and modulating gut microbiota.
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