Lactiplantibacillus plantarum exhibits extensive carbohydrate metabolic capabilities.This study compared the distribution of carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes, differential carbohydrate utilization, and variations in free amino acid content during green pepper fermentation between tropical and nontropical strains.Key findings revealed that tropical strains possessed a significantly higher average number of glycosyltransferase (GT) family genes (310±13) compared to nontropical strains (296±5, P<0.05), with GT2 and GT4 families being particularly enriched.Tropical strains showed superior rhamnose metabolism[shorter generation time:(0.62±0.11) h vs.(1.35±0.27) h, P<0.05] but weaker utilization of sucrose[generation time:(1.43±0.06) h vs.(1.09±0.06) h) and fructose[(1.42±0.09) h vs.(1.03±0.09) h, P<0.01].No significant differences were observed for xylose, maltose, stachyose, or glucose (P>0.05).Fermented green peppers inoculated with tropical strains contained higher levels of arginine[(5.15±0.11) mg/100 g vs.(2.69±0.75) mg/100 g] and serine[(2.09±0.22) mg/100 g vs.(0.83±0.53) mg/100 g] compared to nontropical strains (P≤0.05).Notably, arginine content exceeded that of the commercial control[(2.10±0.36) mg/100 g, P≤0.001].Geographic origin drives adaptive divergence in CAZy genes (particularly GT families) of L.plantarum, providing a rationale for developing region-specific probiotics.
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