Food and Fermentation Industries >

2026 , Vol. 52 >Issue 12: 168 - 176

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.044475

Antibacterial mechanism of pomegranate peel extract against foodborne Bacillus spp.via membrane lipid peroxidation

  • ZHANG Junxia ,
  • YU Fang ,
  • WANG Qianning ,
  • TIAN Huanhuan ,
  • ZHANG Peiqin ,
  • LI Yuan ,
  • YANG Xiaojuan
Expand
  • 1(College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China)
    2(Gansu Longnan Highway Development Center Expressway Maintenance Institute, Longnan 742500, China)
    3(Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, China)
    4(Shiyanghe Forestry Farm of Wuwei City, Minqin 733399, China)
    5(Lanzhou city landscape science institute, Lanzhou 730070, China)
    6(Management Center of Gansu Lianhuashan National Nature Reserve, Lintao 730500, China)

Received date: 2025-09-09

  Revised date: 2025-11-06

  Online published: 2026-07-17

Fold

Abstract

Bacillus spp.are among the primary pathogenic bacteria responsible for food spoilage, posing a serious threat to food safety.Pomegranate peel extract (PPE), as a plant-derived antimicrobial agent, has demonstrated promising antibacterial potential.This study systematically investigated the effects of PPE on the oxidative stress system, cellular structural integrity, and energy metabolism pathways in three Bacillus species, focusing on membrane lipid peroxidation.The results revealed that PPE treatment induced substantial intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, elevating H2O2 levels by 46.3-fold relative to the control, while significantly inhibiting superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P<0.01), thereby disrupting cellular redox homeostasis.Despite compensatory increases in the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), the oxidative damage was irreversible.This ultimately led to aggravated membrane lipid peroxidation and a significant rise in malondialdehyde (MDA) content.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations indicated notable morphological alterations in the bacterial cells, including collapse, shrinkage, and leakage of intracellular contents.Furthermore, compromised cell wall integrity resulted in a 5.23-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase (AKP) leakage and a 70.9% reduction in Na+-K+-ATPase activity, indicating severe disruption of energy metabolism pathways.This study was the first to systematically elucidate that the key antibacterial mechanism of PPE against food-borne Bacillus species lies in inducing excessive H2O2 accumulation and significant inhibiting SOD activity, thereby initiating a cascade of oxidative stress-structural damage-energy metabolism suppression. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for developing PPE as a natural food preservative and suggest a new strategy for the valorization of agricultural by-products.

Key words： pomegranate peel; Bacillus spp.; membrane lipid peroxidation; antibacterial mechanism

Cite this article

ZHANG Junxia , YU Fang , WANG Qianning , TIAN Huanhuan , ZHANG Peiqin , LI Yuan , YANG Xiaojuan . Antibacterial mechanism of pomegranate peel extract against foodborne Bacillus spp.via membrane lipid peroxidation[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2026 , 52(12) : 168 -176 . DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.044475

References

[1] HAVELAAR A H, KIRK M D, TORGERSON P R, et al. World health organization global estimates and regional comparisons of the burden of foodborne disease in 2010[J].PLoS Medicine, 2015, 12(12): e1001923.
[2] GLASSET B, HERBIN S, GUILLIER L, et al. Bacillus cereus-induced food-borne outbreaks in France, 2007 to 2014: Epidemiology and genetic characterisation[J].Eurosurveillance, 2016, 21(48). DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.48.30413.
[3] 李红秋, 郭云昌, 刘志涛, 等. 2022年中国大陆食源性疾病暴发监测资料分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志, 2024, 36(8):962-967.
LI H Q, GUO Y C, LIU Z T, et al. Analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks in China’s Mainland in 2022[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, 2024, 36(8):962-967.
[4] 霍健聪, 邓尚贵, 励建荣. 鱼腥草黄酮的制备及其对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制机理[J].中国食品学报, 2017, 17(9):82-89.
HUO J C, DENG S G, LI J R. Preparation of flavonoids of Houttuynia cordata thunb. and the antibacterial mechanism on Bacillus subtilis[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2017, 17(9):82-89.
[5] The United States Pharmacopoeial Convention. USP35-NF30. United States Pharmacopoeia[S].THE United States: United States Pharmacopoeial Convection, 2011.
[6] 龙小青, 赵雯雪, 李效振, 等. 1株牛乳源致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及石榴皮水提物的抑菌效果观察[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2025, 61(4): 348-354.
LONG X Q, ZHAO W X, LI X Z, et al. Isolation and identification of a pathogenic Escherichia coli strain from milk and observation on antibacterial effect of pomegranate peel water extract[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2025, 61(4): 348-354.
[7] 洪军, 李文玉, 卫夏怡, 等. 石榴皮提取物的抑菌活性及其对冷却鸡肉保鲜效果[J].中国调味品, 2020, 45(3):73-76; 82.
HONG J, LI W Y, WEI X Y, et al. Antibacterial activity of pomegranate peel extracts and their preservation effect on cooled chicken[J].China Condiment, 2020, 45(3):73-76; 82.
[8] 张前进. 石榴皮提取物对沙门菌感染鸡的保护作用研究[D].洛阳: 河南科技大学,2024.
ZHANG Q J. Study on the protective effect of pomegranate peel extract on Salmonella-infected chickens[D].Luoyang: Henan University of Science and Technology, 2024.
[9] CHOI J G, KANG O H, LEE Y S, et al. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of Punica granatum peel ethanol extract against Salmonella[J].Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, 2011:690518.
[10] 司梦雅, 赵宏晶, 郝俊, 等. 石榴皮提取物对副溶血弧菌的抑制效应与机制研究[J].水产学杂志, 2024, 37(2):70-76.
SI M Y, ZHAO H J, HAO J, et al. Inhibitory effect and mechanism of pomegranate peel aqueous extract on Vibrio parahaemolyticus[J].Chinese Journal of Fisheries, 2024, 37(2):70-76.
[11] ISMAIL T, AKHTAR S, SESTILI P, et al. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and urease inhibitory activities of phenolics-rich pomegranate peel hydro-alcoholic extracts: Biological properties of pomegranate peel hydro-alcoholic extracts[J].Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2016, 40(4):550-558.
[12] 于芳, 王倩宁, 田欢欢, 等. 石榴皮提取物对蜡样芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性及对细胞膜影响的研究[J].食品与发酵工业, 2025, 51(7): 159-166.
YU F, WANG Q N, TIAN H H, et al. Antibacterial activity of pomegranate peel extract against Bacillus cereus and its effect on cell membrane[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2025, 51(7): 159-166.
[13] 房玉林, 齐迪, 郭志君, 等. 超声波辅助法提取石榴皮中总多酚工艺[J].食品科学, 2012, 33(6):115-118.
FANG Y L, QI D, GUO Z J, et al. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total polyphenols from pomegranate peels[J].Food Science, 2012, 33(6):115-118.
[14] 刘焕云, 王艳哲, 姚楚轩. 石榴皮多酚超声波-微波协同提取技术[J].中国调味品, 2021, 46(2):149-151.
LIU H Y, WANG Y Z, YAO C X. Ultrasonic-microwave assisted extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peel[J].China Condiment, 2021, 46(2):149-151.
[15] 关国华. 微生物生理学实验教程[M].北京: 科学出版社, 2015.
GUAN G H. Laboratory Manual of Microbial Physiology[M].Beijing: Science Press, 2015.
[16] KOHANSKI M A, DWYER D J, COLLINS J J. How antibiotics kill bacteria: From targets to networks[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2010, 8(6):423-435.
[17] PARHAM S, KHARAZI A Z, BAKHSHESHI-RAD H R, et al. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral properties of herbal materials[J].Antioxidants, 2020, 9(12):1309.
[18] PAUL S, DUBEY R C, MAHESWARI D K, et al. Trachyspermum ammi (L.) fruit essential oil influencing on membrane permeability and surface characteristics in inhibiting food-borne pathogens[J].Food Control, 2011, 22(5):725-731.
[19] 赵妗颐, 肖洋, 杨龙, 等. 巨大芽孢杆菌L2发酵产物对魔芋软腐病菌的抑菌机制[J].食品科学, 2019, 40(21):14-20.
ZHAO J Y, XIAO Y, YANG L, et al. Antibacterial mechanism of fermentation product from Bacillus megaterium L2 against Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora[J].Food Science, 2019, 40(21):14-20.
[20] 王星星, 李永华, 韦莹莹, 等. 茶树精油对灰葡萄孢霉活性氧代谢的影响[J].中国食品学报, 2018, 18(12):180-187.
WANG X X, LI Y H, WEI Y Y, et al. The effect of tea tree oil on reactive oxygen species metabolism of Botrytis cinerea[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2018, 18(12):180-187.
[21] 丁德东, 赵吉桃, 何静, 等. 马铃薯糖苷生物碱对腐皮镰刀菌呼吸作用及其活性氧代谢的影响[J].微生物学通报, 2023, 50(7):2937-2949.
DING D D, ZHAO J T, HE J, et al. Potato glycoalkaloids affect the respiration and reactive oxygen species metabolism of Fusarium solani[J].Microbiology China, 2023, 50(7):2937-2949.
[22] 杨璟.脱镁叶绿酸钠对忽视拟盘多毛孢的光活化抑制作用机理研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2021.
YANG J. Study on the photodynamic inactivation mechanism of sodium pheophorbide a against Pestalotiopsis neglecta[D].Heilongjiang: Northeast Forestry University, 2021.
[23] 窦勇, 董静, 陈成, 等. ε-聚赖氨酸对苹果灰霉病菌的抑菌机制[J].食品工业科技, 2025, 46(3):196-203.
DOU Y, DONG J, CHEN C, et al. Inhibitory mechanism of Epsilon-poly-L-lysine against Botrytis cinerea in apples[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(3):196-203.
[24] HAN Y J, CHEN W X, SUN Z C. Antimicrobial activity and mechanism of limonene against Staphylococcus aureus[J].Journal of Food Safety, 2021, 41(5): e12918.
[25] SUN Z L, ZHANG X X, WU H H, et al. Antibacterial activity and action mode of chlorogenic acid against Salmonella enteritidis, a foodborne pathogen in chilled fresh chicken[J].World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2020, 36(2):24.
[26] 孙杨, 王晓迪, 朱军莉, 等. 柠檬草精油对副溶血性弧菌的抑菌活性及机制[J].中国食品学报, 2023, 23(3):157-167.
SUN Y, WANG X D, ZHU J L, et al. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of lemon grass essential oil (LG-EO) on Vibrio parahaemolyticus[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2023, 23(3):157-167.
[27] 高娟娟, 贾丽艳, 畅盼盼, 等. 枯草芽孢杆菌细菌素A32的抑菌机理研究[J].中国食品学报, 2021, 21(10):56-64.
GAO J J, JIA L Y, CHANG P P, et al. Studies on the inhibition mechanism of bacteriocin A32 producing by Bacillus subtilis[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2021, 21(10):56-64.
Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉

Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd,.