Using cauliflower as the raw material, polysaccharides were isolated via an aqueous extraction process followed by ethanol precipitation.The polysaccharides were further separated and purified using a DEAE-52 anion exchange column and a Sephadex G-200 gel column to obtain cauliflower polysaccharide (Brassica oleracea L.var.Botrytis L. polysaccharide, BBP),whose structure was then characterized.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)mice, induced by a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin, were treated with different doses of BBP to evaluate its hypoglycemic effect.The results showed that BBP was an acidic polysaccharide.It was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and galacturonic acid.BBP did not contain a triple-helix structure, and may have both α-type and β-type glycosidic bonds, with a molecular weight of approximately 3.98×10 Da.Animal experiments revealed that the low-dose BBP group (100 mg/kg), high-dose BBP group (300 mg/kg), and BBP combined with metformin group (metformin 200 mg/kg+BBP 100 mg/kg) all improved the diabetic symptoms of T2DM mice.The combined group showed the best therapeutic effect, while the high-dose group was more effective than the low-dose group.BBP combined with metformin group could regulate the blood glucose level of T2DM mice, as indicated by the decrease in fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance test values.It significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (P<0.01), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase (P<0.05) in T2DM mice.The results indicate that cauliflower polysaccharides exert a significant hypoglycemic effect on diabetic mice and can serve as a functional food ingredient for the auxiliary treatment of diabetes.
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