In order to investigate the enhancement of Debaryomyces nepalensis for postharvest disease control of jujube, the effect and mechanism of combined treatment of CaCl2 and D. nepalensis on postharvest black spot disease control of jujube were studied by fruit and in vitro experiments. The results showed that the selected concentrations (5,10,20,40 g/L) of CaCl2 had no direct inhibitory effect against Alternaria alternata. However, the treatment of 5 g/L CaCl2 combined with 1×108 CFU/mL of D. nepalensis was able to control postharvest black spot disease of jujube, and the control effect was significantly better than that of D. nepalensis alone. The treatment of 5 g/L CaCl2 combined with 1×108 CFU/mL of D. nepalensis significantly enhanced the ability of D. nepalensis to colonize on the wound of jujube, promoted yeast growth and enhanced the biofilm formation of D. nepalensis. In addition, CaCl2 in combination with D. nepalensis treatment significantly enhanced the growth of yeast and biofilm formation of D. nepalensis. The activity of phenylalanine deaminase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumaric acid coenzyme-A-ligase (4CL) and peroxidase (POD) increased, and total phenol, flavonoid and lignin contents increased significantly. In conclusion, CaCl2 improved the disease control capacity of D. nepalensis against postharvest black spot disease of jujube by enhancing the colonization ability and fruit resistance of D. nepalensis.
[1] LI W S, YUAN S Z, LI Q Q, et al.Methyl p-coumarate inhibits black spot rot on jujube fruit through membrane damage and oxidative stress against Alternaria alternata[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2018, 145:230-238.
[2] 雷兴梦, 易兰花, 邓丽莉, 等.拮抗微生物对枣果实采后病害生物防治的研究进展[J].食品与发酵工业, 2022, 48(2):287-292.
LEI X M, YI L H, DENG L L, et al.Advances in biological control of postharvest diseases of jujube by antagonistic microorganisms[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2022, 48(2):287-292.
[3] YUAN S Z, LI W S, LI Q Q, et al.Defense responses, induced by p-coumaric acid and methyl p-coumarate, of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit against black spot rot caused by Alternaria alternata[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2019, 67(10):2801-2810.
[4] NALLATHAMBI P, UMAMAHESWARI C, THAKORE B B L, et al.Post-harvest management of ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) fruit rot (Alternaria alternata Fr.Keissler) using Trichoderma species, fungicides and their combinations[J].Crop Protection, 2009, 28(6):525-532.
[5] THOMIDIS T, MICHAILIDES T, EXADAKTYLOU E.Contribution of pathogens to peach fruit rot in northern Greece and their sensitivity to iprodione, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and tebuconazole fungicides[J].Journal of Phytopathology, 2009, 157(3):194-200.
[6] ZHANG Z H, LI S H, SUN D D, et al.Cultivation of Rhodosporidium paludigenum in gluconic acid enhances effectiveness against Penicillium digitatum in citrus fruit[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2021, 172:111374.
[7] ZHOU Y, LI W, ZENG J K, et al.Mechanisms of action of the yeast Debaryomyces nepalensis for control of the pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in mango fruit[J].Biological Control, 2018, 123:111-119.
[8] LEI X M, DENG B, RUAN C Q, et al.Phenylethanol as a quorum sensing molecule to promote biofilm formation of the antagonistic yeast Debaryomyces nepalensis for the control of black spot rot on jujube[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2022, 185:111788.
[9] 曾丽珍. β-葡聚糖提高拮抗酵母生防效力及相关机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2015.
ZENG L Z.Study on β-glucan improving biocontrol efficacy of antagonistic yeast and its related mechanism[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2015.
[10] 郭东起, 侯旭杰.生防酵母菌结合钼酸铵对冬枣采后主要病害防治的研究[J].保鲜与加工, 2012, 12(2):36-39;54.
GUO D Q, HOU X J.Research on the control of postharvest diseases of winter jujubes using antagonistic yeast in combination with ammonium molybdate[J].Storage & Process, 2012, 12(2):36-39;54.
[11] AHIMA J, ZHANG X Y, YANG Q Y, et al.Biocontrol activity of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa combined with salicylic acid against Penicillium digitatum infection in oranges[J].Biological Control, 2019, 135:23-32.
[12] ZHU R Y, LU L F, GUO J, et al.Postharvest control of green mold decay of Citrus fruit using combined treatment with sodium bicarbonate and Rhodosporidium paludigenum[J].Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2013, 6(10):2925-2930.
[13] SHAO Y Z, ZENG J K, TANG H, et al.The chemical treatments combined with antagonistic yeast control anthracnose and maintain the quality of postharvest mango fruit[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019, 18(5):1159-1169.
[14] 蔡孟轩, 邓丽莉, 姚世响, 等.CaCl2增强橄榄假丝酵母对苹果果实采后青霉病的生防效力[J].食品科学, 2019, 40(11):220-226.
CAI M X, DENG L L, YAO S X, et al.CaCl2 enhances the biocontrol efficacy of Candida oleophila against inoculated Penicillium expansum on postharvest apples[J].Food Science, 2019, 40(11):220-226.
[15] AN B, LI B Q, QIN G Z, et al.Exogenous calcium improves viability of biocontrol yeasts under heat stress by reducing ROS accumulation and oxidative damage of cellular protein[J].Current Microbiology, 2012, 65(2):122-127.
[16] 张静茹. 壳聚糖复合硅酸钠处理对冬枣抗病性诱导机制的研究[D].临汾:山西师范大学, 2020.
ZHANG J R.Study on the mechanism of inducing disease resistance of Dongzao jujube by chitosan combined with sodium silicate treatment[D].Linfen:Shanxi Normal University, 2020.
[17] 曹建康, 姜微波, 赵玉梅.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, 2007.
CAO J K, JIANG Y B, ZHAO Y M.Postharvest Physiological and Biochemical Experiment Guidance for Fruits and Vegetables[M].Beijing:China Light Industry Press, 2007.
[18] DENG L L, ZENG K F, ZHOU Y H, et al.Effects of postharvest oligochitosan treatment on anthracnose disease in citrus (Citrus sinensis L.Osbeck) fruit[J].European Food Research and Technology, 2015, 240(4):795-804.
[19] SUN K Y, WANG Z, ZHANG X Q, et al.Enhancement of biocontrol efficacy of Pichia kudriavzevii induced by Ca ascorbate against Botrytis cinerea in cherry tomato fruit and the possible mechanisms of action[J].Microbiology Spectrum, 2021, 9(3):e0150721.
[20] 赵亚婷, 朱璇, 马玄, 等.采前水杨酸处理对杏果实抗病性及苯丙烷代谢的诱导[J].食品科学, 2015, 36(2):216-220.
ZHAO Y T, ZHU X, MA X, et al.Induction of disease resistance and phenylpropanoid metabolism in apricot fruits by pre-harvest salicylic acid treatment[J].Food Science, 2015, 36(2):216-220.
[21] ZHANG X B, LIU C J.Multifaceted regulations of gateway enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids[J].Molecular Plant, 2015, 8(1):17-27.
[22] ZHANG W L, JIANG H T, CAO J K, et al.UV-C treatment controls brown rot in postharvest nectarine by regulating ROS metabolism and anthocyanin synthesis[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2021, 180:111613.
[23] 陈力维, 令阳, 邓丽莉, 等.L-半胱氨酸处理对采后青脆李果实苯丙烷代谢的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2020, 36(13):257-263.
CHEN L W, LING Y, DENG L L, et al.Effects of L-cysteine treatment on phenylpropanoid metabolism of postharvest “Qingcui” plum fruit[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(13):257-263.
[24] GODANA E A, YANG Q Y, ZHAO L N, et al.Pichia anomala induced with chitosan triggers defense response of table grapes against post-harvest blue mold disease[J].Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021, 12:704519.
[25] 蒋超男, 李灿婴, 李伊涵, 等.采后核黄素处理对苹果青霉病及活性氧和苯丙烷代谢的影响[J].保鲜与加工, 2021, 21(3):1-7.
JIANG C N, LI C Y, LI Y H, et al.Effects of riboflavin treatment on blue mould and reactive oxygen species and phenylpropanoid metabolisms in postharvest apples[J].Storage and Process, 2021, 21(3):1-7.
