Abstract: Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for the majority of living organisms, and plays important roles in human immune system, antioxidant defense system and cancer therapy. Either excessive oral Se supplementation or Se deficiency leads to serious health issues. The human body mainly takes Se from food, and the content of Se in food depends on that in soil. Nevertheless, nearly half of China is Se deficiency in soil. Microorganisms are widely used cell factories in food, pharmaceuticals and environment industry. They have the ability to convert inorganic Se species from environment to organic Se compounds, which are the least toxic and most bio-available forms for human body and are considered as ideal Se dietary supplements. In this article, metabolic pathways of organic Se accumulation by microorganisms were summarized, and the methods and abilities of Se enrichment by bacteria, yeast, mold and mushrooms were compared.
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