蚕豆酱传统发酵过程中微生物菌群在不同批次保持相对稳定,为了分析这种微生物群落的稳定形成机制,该研究以从发酵过程中分离的不同基因型菌株为实验对象,利用杯碟法和滤纸片法分析优势好氧菌与兼性厌氧芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌及酵母菌的相互作用,同时利用PCR技术检测优势菌株基因组内可能存在的抗菌肽编码基因.研究结果表明,所有厌氧菌和酵母菌株均被1株或多株优势生长的好氧芽孢杆菌菌株抑制,而且部分优势菌株存在较强的抑制作用,同时抑制多个菌种的生长,其中以1株Bacillus subtilis HYM05,1株B.amyloliquefaciens HYM24以及1株B.tequilensisHYM42为典型代表.通过PCR探测,发现HYM42和HYM05的基因组中存在编码Subtilosin以及Plipastatin的基因,而3株菌的基因组中均没有完整地编码Surfactin的3个基因.所以,蚕豆酱传统酿造过程中,好氧芽孢杆菌存在生长优势,通过多个菌株之间的协同相互作用,抑制其他微生物生长,在各个批次之间形成相对稳定的微生物群落结构.

To analyze the mechanism of the microbial community stability during the formation of broad bean paste,filter paper method and oxford cup method were used.Touch-down PCR (TD PCR) was also performed to detect the genes encoding certain antibiotics including subtilosin,subtilin,surfactin and plipastatin.Results showed that all the anaerobic bacteria and yeast could be inhibited by one or more aerobic bacteria,such as Bacillus subtilis HYM05,B.amyloliquefaciens HYM24,and B.tequilensis HYM42.TD PCR detection indicated that the genes encoding subtilosin and plipastatin existed in the genome of HYM42 and HYM05.