重金属超标会对人体健康产生极大的危害，世界各国日渐重视食品中重金属的限量标准，同时对重金属分析检测方法的研究也越来越多。传统的重金属检测方法比较成熟，灵敏度高，但往往操作繁琐、费用高昂、依赖大型仪器设备以及需要专业技术人员操作等。酶联免疫（Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay，ELISA）法是一种特异性强、灵敏度高的检测方法，并能用于现场快速检测，故得以迅速发展。ELISA法检测重金属主要包括四大关键步骤：样品前处理、人工抗原的合成、特异性抗体的制备、ELISA方法的选择。本文主要综述了ELISA法在检测重金属方面的最新研究成果，并对该检测技术的研究方向进行了展望，以期为我国食品中重金属快速检测技术的建立提供参考。

Excessive heavy metals which are harm to human health, many countries have paid more attention to limit standards of heavy metals in food, and there are more and more studies on analysis and detection of heavy metals. The traditional detection methods are mature, high sensitivity. But the general defects of traditional detection methods such as tedious operation, high cost, large-scale equipment and skilled professionals. ELISA method has excellent specificity and sensitivity, and it can be used for rapid detection on site, so develop rapidly. ELISA detection of heavy metals including four key steps: sample pretreatment, synthesis of artificial antigen, preparation of specific antibody, selecting ELISA method. The recent progress of ELISA detection of heavy metals is briefly reviewed in this article. Future development trends and prospects are also proposed in order to provide a relevant gist for detection of heavy metals in food.