为解决高温好氧堆肥过程中可用菌剂较少的问题,从完全腐熟的餐厨垃圾有机肥中筛选高效降解有机质的菌株。经过富集培养和分离纯化,实验获得了8株形态各异的单菌株。通过平板透明圈法测定各菌株的产酶能力,得出YB1、YB4-1和YB4-2对淀粉、纤维素、蛋白质及油脂具有更强的分解能力,结合各菌株对温度和盐度的耐受性,最终确定YB1、YB4-1和YB4-2为潜力菌株。经过分子生物学鉴定,确定3株菌株分别为枯草芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌。将3株菌株等比例制作成复合菌剂用于餐厨垃圾堆肥实验,发现该复合菌剂不仅能明显缩短堆肥周期(约40%),而且将餐厨垃圾降解率提高了31%。该复合菌剂可用于餐厨垃圾处理工业,具有良好的应用前景和经济价值。
In order to solve the problem of fewer strains available in the process of high temperature aerobic composting, the strains which can degrade organic matter efficiently were screened from the fully decomposed organic fertilizer of kitchen waste. After enrichment, isolation and purification, eight strains with different morphology were obtained. The enzyme-producing ability of each strain was determined by the plate transparent circle method, and it was concluded that YB1, YB4-1 and YB4-2 had stronger ability to decompose starch, cellulose, protein and oil. Combined with the temperature and salinity tolerance of each strain, YB1, YB4-1 and YB4-2 were determined as potential strains. By molecular biological identification, these three strains were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. These three strains were made into compound bacteria for the kitchen waste composting experiment. The results showed that the compound bacteria not only significantly shortened the compost cycle (about 40%), but also improved the degradation rate of kitchen waste by 31%. The compound bacteria can be used in the kitchen waste treatment industry, and has a good application prospect and economic value.
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