为筛选冷藏条件下天麻的最优保鲜方案,以甘肃康县天麻为研究对象,分别采用敞口包装、真空包装、气调包装处理后于(3±2)℃条件下贮藏天麻42 d,每7 d测定各处理组天麻相关生理生化指标。结果表明,天麻在冷藏条件下贮藏42 d内,各处理组的失重率均低于5%,维持了较好的新鲜度。同时,各处理组所含天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇的总量均高于国家药典规定(≥0.25%),特别是气调A组(1%~3%O2+ 5%~7%CO2+ 90%~94%N2)天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇的总量显著高于其他处理组,较好地保持了天麻的药用价值。气调包装处理能不同程度地抑制丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的积累、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanineammonialyase,PAL)和多酚氧化酶(polyphenoloxidase,PPO)活性的上升。其中,气调A组的作用效果最好。气调包装处理能够有效地维持天麻的贮藏品质,延长贮藏期至42 d,气调A组对天麻的综合保鲜效果最好。
The study was carried out to screen the best fresh-keeping scheme of Gastrodia elata under refrigeration conditions. Gastrodia elata of Kangxian County, Gansu Province, as the research object, were stored in open packaging, vacuum packaging and modified atmosphere packaging at (3±2) ℃ for 42 days respectively. The physiological and biochemical indexes related to Gastrodia elata in each treatment group were measured every seven days. Results showed that the weight loss rate of Gastrodia elata in each treatment group was less than 5% within 42 days under refrigeration conditions, and they still maintained good freshness. At the same time, the total amount of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in each treatment group was higher than that stipulated by the national pharmacopoeia (≥0.25%). It was observed that the total amount of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in modified atmosphere packaging group A (1%-3%O2+5%-7%CO2+90%-94%N2) was significantly higher than that in other treatment groups and well maintained the medicinal value of Gastrodia elata. The use of modified atmosphere packaging could inhibit the accumulation of MDA, and the increase of PAL activity and PPO activity in varying degrees. Compared with other treatment groups, modified atmosphere packaging group A showed the best result. The use of modified atmosphere packaging could maintain the storage quality of Gastrodia elata and prolong the storage period to 42 days effectively. The modified atmosphere packaging group A showed the best comprehensive preservation effect.
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