探讨了产黄色色素法、氨蒸汽法和紫外荧光法用于快速定性检测黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxins,AFs)产毒株的可靠性,并比较3种方法的适用条件,旨在探求一种判断AFs产毒株简单、快速、准确的方法。在紫外荧光法中添加不同取代度的β-环式糊精(β-cyclodextrin,Mβ-cyd),发现低取代度Mβ-cyd能增强检测时菌落蓝绿色荧光强度,有利于观察和低效产毒株的选出;对14个不同曲霉菌株进行比较测试,结果表明产黄色色素法由于个别菌株产生色素,出现假阳性,误判率为7.1%;氨蒸汽法容易受到培养基和菌株产色素的影响,在马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(PDA)上误判率为7.1%,在酵母浸膏蔗糖培养基(YES)误判率为14.2%;紫外荧光法不受培养基和色素等外界因素干扰,能准确判别AFs产毒株和非产毒株。

The reliability of three visual identification methods for aflatoxin(AFs)producing strains including yellow-pigment-producing method,ammonia vapor method and ultraviolet fluorescence method were discussed.Beta-cyclodextrin(Mβ-cyd) of low degree substitution could enhance the blue-green fluorescence intensity of AFs producing strain colonies.Fourteen different Asperigillus strains,whose AFs-producing abilities were known,were tested by these methods.Yellow-pigment-producing method on the potato dextrose agar(PDA) was affected by pigment of some strains with error rate 7.1%.Ammonia vapor method was affected by pigment as well with error rate 7.1%.Besides,the error rate of ammonia vapor method was raised to 14.2% because of the color of yeast extract saccharose(YES).AFs-producing strains were distinguished from non-producing ones by ultraviolet fluorescence method without being disturbed by the factors of media color and strain pigment.