为提高油莎豆油提取率和油品品质,以油莎豆为原料,以油莎豆油提取率及理化性质为指标,借助气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC-MS),比较分析溶剂法、水酶法、水酶法-冻融耦合技术3种提油方法的效果。并通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化了水酶法-冻融耦合技术提取油莎豆油的工艺。结果表明,采用碱性蛋白酶和纤维素酶复合酶,水酶法提取的最佳工艺参数为:料液比1∶7(g∶mL),酶添加量2.5%,酶解温度70℃,酶解时间6 h,然后经-30℃冷冻、室温融解、4 000 r/min离心分离20 min,在此提取条件下,油莎豆油提油率达74.92%,比单纯水酶法高,而且油脂品质较优。

In order to improve the extraction efficiency and quality of Cyperus esculentus oil,three kind of oil extraction techniques such as solvent method,aqueous-enzyme method and aqueous-enzyme and freeze-thaw coupling technique were compared using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC-MS) with oil-extraction rate and physical-chemical properties as index.A new preparation technology of Cyperus esculentus oil was developed using aqueous-enzyme and freeze-thaw coupling technique.The technological parameters of aqueous-enzyme and freeze-thaw coupling technique were optimized through single factor experiment and orthogonal test.The results showed that the most appropriate conditions in the process of enzymolysis were as follows: alkali protease and cellulose enzyme composite enzyme were adopted,ratio of material to solvent was 1∶ 7,enzyme amount was 2.5% of dried Cyperus esculentus powder weight,temperature was 70℃ and enzymolysis time was 4h,then it was frozen at-30℃,molten at room temperature,centrifugalized at 4 000r/min for 20min.Under these conditions,the oil extraction rate was up to 74.92%,which was higher than aqueous-enzyme method.The quality of oil obtained by aqueous-enzyme and freeze-thaw coupling technique was the best.The aqueous-enzyme and freeze-thaw coupling technique was regarded as the ideal extraction process of Cyperus esculentus oil.This paper can offer some reference for industrial production of Cyperus esculentus oil.