为提供木质纤维原料转化乙醇的预处理方法的参考,以水稻秸秆、白酒丢糟分别为原料,对丁酮稀溶液、液氨、蒸汽爆破和浓硫酸水解的预处理工艺制乙醇效果进行了对比,并对水洗与烘干脱毒方式进行了探讨。当分别用丁酮稀溶液、液氨、蒸汽爆破和浓硫酸水解处理原料时,分别采用烘干、不脱毒、水洗并回收洗水与中和等方法,可得到相应预处理方法的最高乙醇产率。其中,丁酮稀溶液爆破法的丢糟与秸秆的酶解总糖收得率分别为86%与88%,乙醇产率为25.2 g/(100 g绝干丢糟)与26.3 g/(100 g绝干秸秆)。其乙醇产率较液氨、蒸汽爆破法高,但比实验室水平的浓硫酸水解工艺低。

This study supplied a reference on pretreatments of lignocellulosic materials for producing ethanol. Using rice straw or distillers' grains as feed stock,the pretreatment methods of diluted butanone solution,liquid ammonia,steam explosions,and the concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis were compared,and the detoxification methods of water washing and drying were discussed. The highest ethanol yields of the various pretreatment methods could appear,when the detoxification methods of drying,no detoxification,recovery of water washing,and neutralization followed the diluted butanone solution,liquid ammonia,steam explosions,and the concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis,respectively. Among them,using the diluted butanone solution explosion,the total sugar yields of distillers' grains and rice straw were 86% and 88% after enzymatic hydrolysis,and the highest ethanol yields were 25. 2 g /100g distillers' grains dry matter and 26. 3 g /100g rice straw dry matter,respectively. The diluted butanone solution explosion had higher ethanol yield than that of the liquid ammonia or steam explosions,but lower than that of the concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The study further cleared a novel pretreatment method of diluted solution explosions through comparisons,and offered a reference on choice of pretreatment methods for conversion of biomass energy.